解读：腾讯区块链方案白皮书（一）

那么，腾讯想在区块链领域做什么呢？答案就在腾讯的这本《腾讯区块链方案白皮书》中。同时，阅读这本白皮书也是我们站在腾讯的高度、从腾讯的角度了解区块链的好机会。

So what do you want to do in the area of the block chain? The answer is in the White Paper on the Totem block chain program. Reading the White Paper is also a good opportunity for us to look at the block chain from the point of view of the totem.

接下来，我会分三次，用更直观、简单的方式，深入解读腾讯的这本《腾讯区块链方案白皮书--打造数字经济时代信任基石》。如果不想花很多时间读白皮书或者只是想先对内容有个大致的了解，可以看看这篇文章，希望会对你有所帮助。

Next, I will read this White Paper in a more intuitive and simple way: Building Trust in the Age of the Digital Economy. If you don’t want to spend much time reading the White Paper or just want to get a general idea of what to say, look at this article and hope it will help you.

今天分享的是第一部分，我们将会看到，作为三巨头之一的腾讯，是如何解读“区块链”的。

Today we share the first part, and we will see how the “block chain” is interpreted as one of the troika's communications.

腾讯白皮书的开篇第一句是这样写的：

The first sentence of the White Paper reads as follows:

“区块链的诞生，标志着人类开始构建真正可以信任的互联网。”

“The birth of the block chain marks the beginning of the construction of a truly trusted Internet.”

不知道若干年后回头再看到这句话会是怎样的感受，会不会像风险投资家马克·安德森在《华盛顿邮报》的采访中说的那样：

I wonder how it would feel to look back at that in a few years, as Mark Anderson, a venture capitalist, said in an interview with the Washington Post:

在20年后，我们就会像讨论今天的互联网一样讨论区块链。

Twenty years later, we will discuss block chains like the Internet today.

• 2008年，中本聪发表论文《比特币：一种点对点的电子现金系统》-
• 2009年1月3日，区块链的第一个区块诞生，该区块又名“创世区块”。-
• 2009年1月12日，中本聪发送了10个比特币给密码学专家哈尔芬尼。-
• 2010年7月，比特币交易所Mt.Gox的成立，比特币的价值被世界认可。

设计思想很重要，它决定了事物的发展方向。

The idea of design is important, and it determines the direction of things.

腾讯认为，区块链技术的革命性在于它把人与人的信任转换为人与技术的信任。基于这个解读，腾讯提出了自己的观点，它既不是去中心化，也不是匿名化，而是降成本。

The revolutionary nature of block chain technology is that it transforms trust into trust in people and technology. Based on this interpretation, it offers its view that it is neither decentralized nor anonymous, but rather lowers costs .

在经济层面，降低成本是区块链技术的一个重要的设计思想。

At the economic level , cost reduction is an important design idea for block chain technology.

第一，交易信任由机器和算法确定。
第二，交易过程可以由程序自动执行。

First, trust in the transaction is determined by machine and algorithm.
Second, the transaction process can be executed automatically by the program.

在技术层面，区块链可以看成是一套由多方参与的、可靠的分布式数据存储系统，其独特之处在于：

At the technical level , the block chain can be seen as a multi-participating and reliable distributed data storage system, unique in that:

第一，记录行为多方参与，即各方可参与记录；
第二，数据存储多方参与、共同维护，即各方均参与数据的存储和维护；
第三，通过链式存储数据与合约，并且只能读取和写入，不可篡改。

First, there is a multiplicity of actors involved in records, i.e., parties can participate in records; second, data storage is participatory and jointly maintained, i.e. all parties are involved in data storage and maintenance; third, data and contracts are stored through a chain and can only be read and written and cannot be tampered with.

腾讯认为，虽然目前主流的区块链技术平台均发源于国外，但区块链技术还处于发展初期，核心技术还有很大的发展空间，我们完全有能力创新研发一套自主可控的区块链平台，我们需要关注其核心技术的发展，主要包括以下三点：

It is believed that, while the current mainstream block chain technology platform is foreign-origin, the block chain technology is still in its early stages of development, that there is much room for development of core technology, that we are well placed to innovate and develop an autonomous block chain platform, and that we need to focus on the development of its core technology, including, inter alia, the following three points:

• 共识机制：共识机制是指定义共识过程的算法、协议和规则，区块链的共识机制具备“少数服从多数”以及“人人平等”的特点。
• 密码学原理：在区块链技术中应用了大量的密码学的知识，如：公钥、私钥、哈希、对称加密、非对称加密、同态加密、签名、零知识证明等。
• 分布式存储：一是区块链每个节点都按照块链式结构存储完整的数据，二是区块链每个节点存储都是独立的、地位等同的，依靠共识机制保证存储的一致性。

腾讯对区块链发展趋势的预测是乐观的，但是相比充满理想与信仰的公链来说，腾讯对未来的预测是脚踏实地的。

The projections for the development of the block chain are optimistic, but the projections for the future are realistic when compared to the public chains of ideals and faiths.

• 应用模式升级：未来区块链的应用领域将以联盟链、私有链或混合链为主。
• 多中心化：未来区块链系统架构将是构建可信任的多中心体系，将分散独立的各自单中心，提升为多方参与的统一多中心，从而提高信任传递效率，降低交易成本。
• 从金融创新带动其他行业应用突破：比如于政治选举、企业股东投票、博彩、预测市场等领域。
• 智能合约的社会化：除了将社会中的有形资产转变为数字智能资产进行确权、授权和实时监控外，区块链还可应用于社会中的无形资产管理。

这是一个很重要的问题，腾讯将其抽象为三个特征：标准化程度高、自动化需求大、资质证明要求多。

This is a very important issue, which is summarized in three features: the high level of standardization, the high demand for automation and the high level of qualification required.

依据腾讯的统计数据，在区块链技术所涉及的行业中，银行、证券业和保险业所占市场份额最高。未来，区块链技术主导下的娱乐和媒体行业发展速度将持续加快，医疗健康、物联网、供应链等行业应用则紧随其后。

According to tweak statistics, banks, securities, and insurance have the highest market share in the industries involved in block chain technology. In the future, the growth of the entertainment and media industries, dominated by block chain technology, will continue to accelerate, followed by applications in sectors such as health care, physical networking, supply chains, etc.

发达国家认识到区块链技术巨大的应用前景，开始从国家层面思考区块链的发展道路。中国与世界同步，也启动了相关的研究和实践。全球正在跑步进入区块链经济时代。

In recognition of the enormous potential for technological applications of block chains, developed countries have begun to think at the national level about the path to development of block chains. China, in sync with the world, has also initiated relevant studies and practices.

说了这么多，腾讯认为哪些行业会成为首选呢？答案是：金融、公共服务领域、公益慈善、供应链、物联网。而这五个行业围成一个圈，构成了中间的“区块链应用生态圈”。

So much said, which industries are considered to be the preferred ones? The answer is: finance, public services, charity, supply chains, and access to goods.

金融领域：

• 在（跨境）支付方面，区块链技术优势突出，可以实现支付交易的实时处理，提高效率，降低成本。-
• 在保险理赔方面，智能合约的应用，既无需投保人申请，也无需保险公司批准，只要触发理赔条件，实现保单自动理赔，支付理赔金额。-
• 在证券交易方面，通过相应机制确保证券发行和交易符合监管要求和框架，无需中介机构，资产发行可根据需要选择保密或公开的方式进行。-
• 在票据方面，可实现票据价值的去中心化传递，有效控制中介市场的资产错配，有效防范“一票多卖”、“打款背书不同步”等问题。

物联网领域：

让物联网里的各种设备自动运转，如：IBM与三星的ADEPT可以让家电运转出故障时自动发送信号。，Visa与DocuSign的汽车租赁项目通过分布式账本记录交易，租车协议、保险项目等内容实时更新，简化传统汽车租赁过程中的繁琐步骤。

Automatically run various devices in the network, such as: IBM and Samsung’s ADEPT can automatically send signals in case of power failure. The Visa and DocuSign car rental projects record transactions through distributed bookkeeping, real-time updates of rental agreements, insurance projects, etc., and simplify cumbersome steps in the traditional car rental process.

公共服务领域：

可以建立不可篡改的数字化证明。在数字版权、知识产权、学历、产权、医疗数据等领域都可以建立全新的认证机制，改善公共服务领域的管理水平。

New certification mechanisms can be set up to improve management in the public service in areas such as digital copyright, intellectual property rights, academic qualifications, property rights, and medical data.

公益慈善领域：

在满足项目参与者隐私保护及其他相关法律法规要求的前提下，有条件地进行公开公示，方便公众和社会监督，助力社会公益的健康发展。

Subject to the requirements of the privacy protection of project participants and other relevant laws and regulations, there are conditions for public publicity to facilitate public and social oversight and contribute to the healthy development of the public good.

供应链领域：

数据透明、不可篡改，可有效避免供应链纠纷，根除假冒伪劣。

The transparent and non-distorted nature of data effectively avoids supply chain disputes and eliminates counterfeiting.

腾讯认为，目前的发展路线有两条：

According to Tseng, there are two lines of development:

• 自上而下的路线：以大型金融机构为代表，组建区块链联盟，探索应用场景，服务自身业务。
• 自下而上的路线：以比特币、以太坊为代表，社区一直是推动区块链行业发展的重要力量。

2016年以前，投资资金主要集中在比特币相关的领域，比如矿机芯片、交易平台、支付汇款、钱包服务等。
2016年以后，区块链作为一个独立领域崛起，更多项目集中在底层技术基础架构。此外，ICO成为区块链行业独有的融资方式。

Until 2016 , investment funds were concentrated in areas related to Bitcoin, such as mine chips, trading platforms, payment of remittances, wallet services, etc.
>, since 2016, block chains have emerged as an independent area, with more projects concentrated on the bottom technological infrastructure. In addition, ICO has become a unique mode of financing for the block chain industry.

• 初创公司或组织：组建国际性区块链平台和联盟，搭建底层技术协议，制定行业标准。-
• 金融机构：针对已有场景或已知需求，实施区块链试点，降低交易成本。-
• 大型科技公司：基于IT技术开发、云服务等能力，推出区块链相关服务(BaaS, blockchain-as-a-service) ，面向包含金融机构在内的企业客户。-
• 咨询公司/系统集成商：发展区块链技术与相关服务，以支持金融机构或其他领域企业客户的区块链技术布建与应用。

• 初创公司或组织：搭建开源的技术研究生态及投资孵化。
• Fintech：搭建区块链底层服务。
• 大型科技公司：将原有技术能力延伸至区块链领域。

目前国内三大区块链联盟：

At present, there are three main clusters of alliances in the country:

• 2016年1月5日， 中国首个区块链联盟“中国区块链研究联盟”在京成立。
• 2016年4月19日，中国分布式总账基础协议联盟（China Ledger）宣告成立。
• 2016年5月31日，由微众银行、深金信会、深证通、银链科技等25家单位发起的金融区块链合作联盟（深圳）（简称金链盟）正式成立。

在这个问题上，腾讯表现出了它的决心。

On this issue, the message has demonstrated its determination.

首先，腾讯提出：降成本是历史赋予区块链在中国发展的最大机遇。我们完全有机会也有必要做一套自主可控的区块链底层平台。

First, the message suggests that . We have every opportunity and need to develop an autonomous bottom platform for block chains.

• 区块链可以降低企业的搜寻成本、决策成本以及执行成本。
• 区块链技术有助于削减中介化成本。例如，个人网络消费支付、企业办理年检认证手续、进行各类审核登记等等，都可以通过区块链技术自动完成。
• 区块链技术有助于降低制度性交易成本。如认证性成本等。

然后，腾讯又提出了几点建议：

It then made a number of recommendations:

• 对于创业者：腾讯的建议是，从底层技术开发做起。
• 对于拥有应用场景的机构：腾讯的建议是，以开放心态积极与区块链创业者合作。
• 对于政府：腾讯的期待是，对区块链技术的监管政策和鼓励措施都不应过度，一方面应该“让子弹再飞一会儿”，有一定基础之后，再制定监管政策和行业标准，另一方面也要防止一哄而上，拔苗助长。

可见，对于区块链，腾讯是积极主动的，是脚踏实地的，更是充满决心的，腾讯不是想要在区块链领域试试水，腾讯想要在这场军备竞赛中，抢占先机。

Thus, in the case of block chains, the arraignment is proactive, on the ground and more determined. It is not intended to test water in the area of block chains, it is intended to take the lead in this arms race.

以上是《腾讯区块链方案白皮书》的第1~3章的内容，腾讯讲了这么多，实际上是在告诉我们两件事：

These are the contents of chapters 1-3 of the White Paper on the Tweeting Block Chain Programme, which talk so much, actually telling us two things:

第一：区块链是一场世界军备大赛，中国有望抢占先机，我们有机会也有必要做一套自主可控的区块链底层平台。联想到这段时间美国对中兴的芯片禁售，不禁让人心生感慨，核心技术的自主可控至关重要，否则一切建设都可能变成空中楼阁。

First: The block chain is a world arms race in which China is expected to take the lead, and we have the opportunity and the need to make an autonomous bottom platform of the block chain. The idea is that America will not be allowed to sell the central chip during this period, and that the autonomy of the core technology is essential, unless all construction is turned into an airhouse.

第二：腾讯下定决心要做区块链。这将是一个以降成本为核心思想的弱中心化联盟链或混合链，它的服务对象将是包含金融机构在内的企业客户。供应链金融只是切入点，腾讯要做区块链生态圈，腾讯在下一盘大棋。

Second: Makes a determination to make a chain of blocks. This will be a weak, centralized union or hybrid chain with cost reduction at its core, which will serve business clients, including financial institutions. Supply chain finance will only be an entry point, a spin-off ring, and a signal will be sent to the next big game.

那么，腾讯具体将会怎么做呢？这正是这本白皮书第四章的核心内容：腾讯区块链解决方案。我会在《解读：腾讯区块链方案解读（二）》中为大家做详细解读，敬请期待。

So, what exactly would you do? This is the core of chapter IV of this White Paper: The Tweeting Block Chain Solution. I'll give you a detailed reading in Interpretation: Tweeting Block Chain II. Please look forward to it.

To Be Continued...

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