以太坊POS模式是什么意思？以太坊为什么进行PoS？

要说以太坊，绝大多数投资者都知道，以太坊是pow激励模式，也就是说工作量证明模式，简单点说就是你获得多少货币，取决于你挖矿贡献的有效工作，而前段时间，以太坊的创始人发表了关于以太坊转变POS模式之后发展路线的演讲，也正是因为这个演讲，越来越多的人对于以太坊POS模式有所好奇，不过大多数的人并不了解以太坊POS模式，那么，以太坊POS模式到底是什么意思呢？下面小编就给大家通俗的讲解一下以太坊POS模式是什么意思？

To put it this way, most investors know that it is a pow incentive model, that is, the workload proof model, which is simply how much money you get, depending on your effective work in mining, and that the previous time, when the founder of Etheria gave a speech on the way to development after changing the POS model, it was precisely because of this talk that more and more people were curious about the POS model, but most people did not know the POS model. So what does the POS model mean?

POS是一种在公链中的共识算法，可作为POW算法的一种替换。POW是保证比特币、当前以太坊和许多其它区块链安全的一种机制，但是POW算法在挖矿过程中因破坏环境和浪费电力而受到指责。POS试图通过以一种不同的机制取代挖矿的概念，从而解决这些问题。

POS is a consensus algorithm in the public chain, which can be a substitute for the POW algorithm. POW is a mechanism to ensure the safety of Bitcoin, the current Teetha and many other block chains, but the POW algorithm is blamed for environmental damage and waste of electricity in mining. POS tries to solve these problems by replacing the concept of mining with a different mechanism.

POS机制可以被描述成一种虚拟挖矿。鉴于POW主要依赖于计算机硬件的稀缺性来防止女巫攻击，POS则主要依赖于区块链自身里的代币。在POW中，一个用户可能拿1000美元来买计算机，加入网络来挖矿产生新区块，从而得到奖励。而在POS中，用户可以拿1000美元购买等价值的代币，把这些代币当作押金放入POS机制中，这样用户就有机会产生新块而得到奖励。在POW中，如果用户花费2000美元购买硬件设备，当然会获得两倍算力来挖矿，从而获得两倍奖励。同样，在POS机制中投入两倍的代币作为押金，就有两倍大的机会获得产生新区块的权利。

In POW, a user may be rewarded with $1,000 to buy a computer and join the network to dig for a new block. In POS, users can buy $1,000 worth of coins and place them as deposits in a POS mechanism, so that they have an opportunity to generate new pieces. In POW, if they buy hardware equipment for $2,000, they will certainly get twice as much money as they can dig for a new block.

众所周知，第三季度的“DeFi热”促使以太坊网络上的交易量大幅增加，DappRadar 2020 Q3 Dapp报告指出，以太坊交易量在2020年第三季度猛增至1195亿美元，与第二季度相比增长了近1200%，但随着而来的是网络堵塞，交易费猛增。在今年9月9日，以太坊平均交易费用达到14美元的高度，刷新历史记录。因费用飙升，导致许多交易只能延迟。

As is well known, the third quarter of & & & ldquo; DeFi & rdquo; led to a significant increase in transactions on the Ethionet, with DappRadar 2020 Q3 Dapp reporting a sharp increase of $119.5 billion in the third quarter of 2020, an increase of almost 1,200 per cent compared to the second quarter, but with Internet congestion, transaction costs rose sharply. On September 9, this year, the average cost of transactions in the etherno reached $14, refreshing historical records. Many transactions could only be delayed because of soaring costs.

EOS创始人BM感叹称：对于大多数正常规模的交易来说，以太坊交易费用太高了。

The founder of EOS, BM, lamented that for most normal-scale transactions, the cost of doing business was too high.

目前的以太坊仍然面临多重问题，首先老生常谈的是上面提到的交易处理，以太坊网络支持数千个去中心化应用程序，每秒都需要处理大量交易，而采用PoW共识机制的以太坊1.0，每秒只能处理约10-50笔交易，远小于PayPal、Visa 等中心化网络，远无法满足用户对于交易速度的需求。手续费高昂一直是以太坊被诟病的一个重要的点，V神直言，在rollups和分片完成之前，以太坊别无选择，只能忍受高额交易费。因此以太坊需要升级。

The current Etherm is still facing multiple problems, starting with the transaction processing referred to above, which supports thousands of decentralized applications with the Taiteng network, which has to deal with a large number of transactions every second, while the PoW Consensus mechanism, 1.0, which handles only about 10-50 transactions per second, is much smaller than the centralized networks of PayPal, Visa, and so the user’s demand for speed is far from being met. High transaction costs have been an important point in Ethermia’s vilification, V God, and there is no choice but to endure high transaction costs until the rollups and splits are completed.

关于共识机制的争议一直存在，POW耗电量大，网络的交易吞吐量和扩展性缺乏，但安全性有目共睹，且开放性更强;而POS消耗小，效率高，但安全性被认为不如POW。

Controversies about consensus mechanisms persist, with high power consumption by Pow and lack of traffic and expansion of networks, but security is visible and more open; while POS is less expensive and efficient, safety is considered less than Pow.

以太坊从PoW转向PoS早已板上钉钉，在最初以太坊白皮书发布的同月，V神就发表了一篇PoS共识算法Slasher的博客，探讨未来将以太坊从PoW转向PoS。

The shift from PoW to PoS has long been nailed, and in the same month as the initial release of the Taipa White Paper, the V God published a PoS consensus algorithm, Slasher’s blog, which explores the future of moving from PoW to PoS.

今年11月，V神撰文《为什么要进行PoS》。他在文章中进行了详细的原因阐述。V神的解释被许多人质疑以偏概全，一概而论。

In November this year, V.D. wrote " Why Poss? ". In his article, he explained the reasons in detail. The explanation of V.D. was questioned by many in general and general terms.

V神在文章解释称，与PoW相比，PoS是一种优越的区块链安全机制有三个关键原因：

V. God explained in his article that PoS is a superior block chain security mechanism compared to PoW for three key reasons:

1、PoS以相同的成本提供更高的安全性

V神计算了两种情况下攻击所需的成本：基于GPU挖矿的PoW和基于ASIC芯片挖矿的PoW。得出的证明是在这两种情况下攻击网络的成本较低，在基于GPU挖矿的PoW中，攻击网络的成本仅仅是租用足够的GPU赶超现有矿工的成本，只需要花费少量的成本和时间就可以进行攻击工作。而ASIC芯片挖矿需要1/3的持续成本(更新迭代硬件、维护、电力)和约2/3的资本成本。据计算，需要487美元左右。ASIC以高昂的集中化成本提高安全级别。但这种高成本防范攻击使得整个网络趋于中心化，因为矿工加入的门槛也变高了。而在权益证明中，几乎全部是资本成本，即运行节点的成本。随着质押率的提高，攻击成本预计非常高，V神个人预计这个数字最终会上升到10000美元左右。

V God calculated the cost of an attack in two cases: PoW based on GPU digs and PoW based on ASIC chip digs. The proof is that the cost of an attack on a network is lower in both cases, and in PoW based on GPU digs, the cost of an attack network is merely the cost of renting enough GPU to catch up with an existing miner, and it takes only a small amount of cost and time.

2、PoS很容易从攻击中恢复

在POW网络中，如果遭到51%攻击，唯一的应对措施就是 “等到攻击者主动撤销攻击"。但这忽略了一种更危险的攻击可能性，这种攻击叫做产卵营攻击(Pawn Camping Attack)，攻击者一次又一次地进行攻击，目的很明确，就是为了使整条链瘫痪。

In the Pow network, the only response is & & ldquo; until the attacker takes the initiative to withdraw the attack & quot; but this ignores a more dangerous possibility of attack, known as the Pawon Camping Attack (Pawn Camp) attack, which is repeated and carried out with the clear purpose of paralyzing the entire chain.

PoS的情况会好很多。对于某些类型的51%攻击(特别是回滚最终确定的区块)，在权益证明中有一个内置的“惩罚(Slashing)”机制，通过这个机制，攻击者的大部分股权(并不包括其他人的)将被自动销毁。对于其他更难发现的攻击(51%的联盟审查- A 51% coalition censoring everyone else)，社区可以在少数用户激活的软分叉(UASF)上进行协调，攻击者的资金再次被大部分销毁(在Ethereum中，这是通过 "Inactivity Leak Mechanism" 完成的)。不需要明确的 "硬分叉货币消除"，除了要求在 UASF 上协调选择少数区块外，其它都是自动的，只需要按照协议规则执行即可。

The situation with PoS will be much better. For some types of attacks (especially rollback of finalized blocks), there is a built-in &ldquo in the certificate of interest; punishment (Slashing) & & rdquo; mechanism through which most of the aggressor’s equity (not including others) will automatically be destroyed. For other more difficult attacks (51% coalition review - A 51% caussoring everyone else), communities can coordinate on a few user-activated soft fork (UASF) and the aggressor’s funds will again be largely destroyed (in Etheeum, this is done through &quat; Inactivity Leak Mechanism" completed). There is no need for a clear & quot; hard split currency to eliminate &quat; apart from requiring UASF to coordinate the selection of a few blocks, all others are automatic and need to be implemented in accordance with the protocol rules.

3、PoS比ASIC更去中心化

基于GPU挖矿的PoW是合理去中心化的，得到一个GPU并不难。但基于GPU的挖矿在我们上面提到的“安全性"标准上基本不合格。而基于ASIC的挖矿，则需要几百万美元的资金才能进入。这也是常见的“权益证明意味着富人更富"论点的正确答案。ASIC的挖矿也意味着富人更富，而且这个游戏只限于富人。至少在PoS中，质押所需的最低金额相当低，很多普通人都能承受。

PoWs based on GPU digs are reasonably centralized, and it is not difficult to get a GPU. But mining based on GPU is largely substandard in terms of standards & ldquo; safety & quot; and mining based on ASIC takes millions of dollars to access. This is also the common & ldquo; proof of rights means wealthier & quot; the correct answer to the argument.

另外，PoS更耐审查。GPU和ASIC挖矿都是非常容易被发现的：它们需要大量的电力消耗、昂贵的硬件采购和大型仓库。而PoS则可以在一台不起眼的笔记本电脑上完成，甚至可以通过 VPN 完成。(这也使以太坊2.0更分散化。)

In addition, PoS is more resistant to censorship. GPU and ASIC dig mines are very easy to detect: they require large amounts of electricity consumption, expensive hardware purchases, and large warehouses. PoS can be done on an invisible laptop, or even via VPN. (This also contributes to the decentralization of the Ethio 2.0.)

PoW有两个主要的真正优势，但V神认为这些优势相当有限：PoS更像是一个“封闭系统”，从长远来看会导致更高的财富集中度;PoS需要“弱主观性”，PoW不需要。

PoW has two main real advantages, but V God considers them to be quite limited: PoS is more like a & ldquao; a closed system & rdquao; in the long run it will lead to a higher concentration of wealth; PoS needs & ldquao; weak subjectivity & rdquao; and PoW does not need it.

在权益质押POS中，“矿工”和“电力”转变成“验证”和“质押”，验证者取代了矿工进行区块验证。权益证明中几乎全部是资金成本(存入的币)，唯一的运营成本是运行节点的成本。剔除了矿机上的投入的成本和电力消耗的成本，并且通过质押的方式解决了电力的消耗。

In POS, “ miners & rdquo; and & & & ldquo; electricity & rdquo; conversion & & & rdquo; verification & & & & & & &dquo; & pledge & & & rdquo; and certification of blocks in lieu of miners. Almost all of the certificates of entitlement are financial costs (in the currency deposited) and the only operating costs are running nodes. The costs of the input and consumption of electricity on the machines are eliminated and the consumption of electricity is resolved by pledge.

与现在的PoW链相比，以太坊2.0实现的是PoS共识、分片结构以及带来新的虚拟机eWASM，实现这三种设定后，以太坊可以更加分散化、更具扩展性;网络更有弹性，即使有节点脱机，也会因为分片的布置而保持稳定;且网络的处理能力相较于以太坊1.0的大大增强。

Compared to the current PoW chain, the PoS Consensus, the partition structure and the creation of a new virtual WASM allow for greater fragmentation and expansion; the network is more flexible and, if offline, stable because of the configuration of the segment; and the network is much more capable of handling than the Taiga 1.0.

以太坊2.0存款合约地址余额以出乎意料的速度达到524288枚ETH，质押余额远超过启动以太坊2.0创世区块的最低要求。12月1日晚上八点，以太坊2.0信标链正式启动。

On December 1, at 8 p.m., the Tehwan 2.0 beacon chain was officially launched.

针对以太坊2.0转向PoS权益证明和矿工挖矿等问题，采访了InfStones合伙人Rudy Lu，他给出了自己的解读。

Interviews with Rudy Lu, partner of InfStones, who gave his interpretation, were conducted on issues such as the Ethio 2.0 pass to PoS certificates of interest and mining by miners.

合约存款质押进程前期缓慢，参与意愿并不是很强，而后期却进展飞快，在短短两三天内完成剩余的质押要求，现在抵押量更是已经达到快90万ETH。

The contractual deposit pledge process has been slow and the willingness to participate has not been strong, while the late stages have progressed so fast that the remaining pledge requirements have been completed in just two or three days, and the amount of collateral has now reached almost 900,000 ETHs.

对此，Rudy Lu分析称，道理很简单，早质押不如晚质押，11月5日就质押，和11月24日才质押，是一样的，早质押也是白白放着不会带来收益。所以大部分人只会等最后临门一脚质押进去。但是11月24日如果质押不满52万，ETH2.0启动就要延后了，所以肯定是11月24日质押满。

In response, Rudy Lu analyses that the logic is simple: the early pledge is less than the late pledge, the 5 November pledge, and the 24 November pledge is the same as the 24 November pledge, and the early pledge is for nothing to yield. So most people only wait for the last one. But if the 24 November pledge is less than 520,000, the start of the ETH 2.0 will be delayed, so the 24 November pledge will certainly be full.

以太坊POS模式与现在的PoW链相比，以太坊实现了PoS共识、分片结构以及带来新的虚拟机eWASM的三种设定，也正是因为如此以太坊可以更加分散化、更具扩展性，网络更有弹性，即使有节点脱机，也会因为分片的布置而保持稳定，且网络的处理能力相较于以太坊pow模式大大增强了。

Compared to the current PoW chain, the PoS consensus, the segmented structure and the creation of a new virtual machine, eWASM, have been achieved in the Taipa Pos model precisely because it can be more decentralized, expanded, network-resilient and, if offline, stable because of the layout of the pieces, and the network's capacity to process is significantly enhanced in comparison with the ETA Power model.

以上就是以太坊POS模式是什么意思?以太坊为什么进行PoS?的详细内容，更多关于以太坊POS模式科普的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章！

What does this mean by the Etherm Pos mode? Why do the Etherms have Pos? More information about the Etheraya Pos mode Kop.