Web3.0 使用说明书

> Question of Web1.0

Web1.0建立在开放的、分散的和社区管理的协议之上。是一个只读的网络，用户在Web1.0时代，无法与页面的内容进行交互（能看，不能互动）。并且，随着用户数量的增加，Web1.0问题越来越多。

于是乎社交网络开始兴起：社区和各种应用程序，包括社交网络和论坛等逐步出现（Facebook、YouTube和Twitter起初都是大家创建自己Web的简单方式）这些App鼓励大家合作和信息交流，但是还是由互联网巨头进行集中式服务，谷歌、亚马逊和Facebook几乎完全控制了Web2.0。

is the beginning of a social network & #xff1a; community and various applications xff0c; xff08, including social networks and forums; Facebook, YouTube and Twitter are all simple ways in which everyone started creating their own Web xff09; these Apps encourage cooperation and information exchange xff0c;

有趣的是，就像2021年，我们在这里热火朝天地讨论Web3.0一样；十余年前的2009年，Tim O'Reilly和John Battelle讨论了Web 2.0五年来的发展。

xff0c; like 2021 xff0c; we're here to discuss Web3.0 xff1b; 2009 xff0c; Tim O39; Reilly and John Battelle to discuss Web 2.0 years ago.

当时具体背景是怎样的呢？

What was the specific context at the time #xff1f;

2001年秋，互联网泡沫的破灭，标志着一个转折点：许多人认为互联网的作用被过度夸大，但是，技术革命的特征就是起初泡沫涌现，以及后面来的持续性颠覆（今天仍然是这样）。

Autumn 2001 xff0c; the collapse of the Internet bubble xff0c; marks a turning point xff1a; many people believe that the role of the Internet has been exaggerated xff0c; but xff0c; the technological revolution is characterized by the beginning of the bubble xff0c; and the continuation of subversion xff08; still xff09; .

颠覆和动荡，通常标志着一项在上升曲线的技术已经准备登上历史舞台，在这期间，泡沫和没有实力的将被洗出局，而真正的成功属于有实力的存在。在混乱、颠覆和泡沫之间，人们开始理解两者之间的区别。

subversion and instability #xff0c; usually marks a technology that is ready to rise to the historical stage xff0c; during this period xff0c; foams and powerless ones that will be washed out xff0c; and true success is the existence of power. strong> between chaos, subversion and foam xff0c; people begin to understand the difference between the two.

Web 2.0 "的概念始于O'Reilly一次会议上的头脑风暴:网络先锋和O'Reilly副总裁Dale Dougherty指出，尽管互联网泡沫破了，但是网络不会 "崩溃"，而会更加重要，很多优秀的新应用和网站一定会层出不穷。更重要的是，那些在互联网泡沫破灭中幸存下来的公司，似乎都有一些共同点。互联网络公司的大规模倒闭是否标志着网络的某种转折点？"Web 2.0 "的提出也许是有意义的？Web 2.0大会就这样诞生了。

像许多重要的概念一样，Web 2.0没有一个明确边界，而是有一个有力核心，可以把Web 2.0想象成一套原则和实践。

Like many important concepts, xff0c; Web 2.0 does not have a clear boundary xff0c; rather, it has a strong core xff0c; can imagine Web 2.0 as a set of principles and practices .

在2004年10月举行的首届Web 2.0会议上，列出了一套初步原则。第一条是 "网络作为平台"。在当时，Web1.0时代的当红炸子鸡网景公司和微软Battle后倒闭。更重要的是，最初的两个Web 1.0时代典范，DoubleClick和Akamai，其实都是将网络作为平台的先驱。

at the first Web 2.0 meeting in October 2004 & #xff0c; set out a preliminary set of principles . The first is & #34; #34; at that time #xff0c; Web1.0 as the Red Fist and Microsoft Battle were closed down. More importantly #xff0c; the first two Web 1.0 model & #xff0c; DoubleClick and Akamai #xff0c; are actually pioneers of the platform.

尽管大家往往不认为它是 "网络服务"，但事实上，广告服务是第一个广泛部署的网络服务，也是第一个广泛部署的 "mashup"。具体地说，当时的每个广告横幅，都是作为两个网站之间的无缝合作来提供的，向另一台计算机上的读者分发一个综合页面。Akamai也把网络当作平台，在堆栈的更深层次上，建立一个透明的缓存和内容分发网络，缓解带宽拥堵。

, although it is often not thought to be & #34; web services 34; xff0c; but in fact xff0c; advertising services are the first widely deployed web service xff0c; and also the first widely deployed & #34; mashup" . Specifically xff0c; xff0c; xff0c, each of the advertising banners at the time; xff0c, provided as a seamless collaboration between the two websites; and a comprehensive page distributed to readers on another computer. Akamai also uses the network as a platform xff0c; xff0c at a deeper level in the stacks; a transparent storage and distribution network xff0c; xff0c; mitigation of bandwidth congestion.

就是这些时代先驱者提供了先行的案例，后进者面对同一问题的解决方案才可以更进一步，对新平台的性质有了更深的理解。DoubleClick和Akamai都是Web 2.0的先驱，但我们也可以看到，通过接受更多的Web 2.0设计模式，有可能实现更多的可能性。

我们用一个表格来表示：

We use a table to show xff1a;

随着时代的发展，Web2.0也出现了一些问题，给人们讨论并探索Web3.0创造了前提。

xff0c > ; Web2.0 xff0c > ; creates preconditions for people to discuss and explore Web3.0.

Web2.0出现了哪些问题？

What's wrong with Web 2.0 xff1f;

早期互联网，带有强烈的探索性质，曾经的技术先驱们对互联网进行了探索、封存、和商品化。随着时间的推移，尽管互联网一直保持着所谓的 "自由"，却有了很多负面影响。

Early Internet & #xff0c; strongly exploratory & #xff0c; former technology pioneers have explored, sealed, and commercialized the Internet. Over time & #xff0c; despite the fact that the Internet has maintained so-called & #34; freedom & #34; & #xff0c; have had many negative effects.

拿个场景来举例：在我们的生活中，假如我们想要购买一张火车或飞机票时，我们所有的搜索都被记录、出售，数据可能并被操纵，反过来对我们来施加影响。原本互联网的特点是信息的民主化，然而今天，信息越来越不可靠，在某些情况下甚至是有害的。由机器人控制的虚假账户正在影响儿童。

按照以太坊的定义：Web2 指的是我们如今众所周知的互联网版本。具体指的是，通过个人数据和信息交换来提供服务互联网公司。在以太坊的范畴内，Web3指的是在区块链上运行的去中心应用程序。所有用户都可以参与构建/使用这些App，个人数据却不需要被出卖。

By definition xff1a; Web2 is the version of the Internet that we know well today. This refers specifically to xff0c; Internet companies that provide services through the exchange of personal data and information. in the context of xff0c; Web3 refers to go-to-centre applications running on the block chain. All users can participate in the construction/use of these Appxff0c; personal data need not be sold.

Web3的优势

The advantage of Web3

由于以太坊具备去中心化特性，许多Web3工程师选择了开发dapp（dapp就是D+app，d是英文单词decentralization的首字母，单词翻译中文是去中心化，即dapp为去中心化应用。），网络上的所有人都有使用Web3服务的权限。没有任何阻止用户使用Web3的机制存在，支付主要通过以太坊（ETH）内置的原生代币。

Due to the decentralisation properties of the Tai Pa & #xff0c; many Web3 engineers have chosen to develop dapp（ dapp is D+ p， d is the initial letter of the English word decentralisation & #xff0c; the word translated Chinese is decentralised & #xff0c; i.e. dapp is used as a central application. & #xff09; xff0c; everyone on the web has the right to use Web3 services. There are no mechanisms that prevent users from using Web3 xff0c; payments are mainly made through the Taiku #xff08; ETH #xff09; in-in-house native currency.

由于以太坊具备图灵完备性，在以太坊上，可以用代码和编程实现所有需求。

because Etheria has Turinity & #xff0c; at Etheria & #xff0c; all needs can be met by code and programming.

什么是图灵完备性？

what's Turing Integrity@xff1f;

图灵完备性，简单的说：如果是一种图灵完备的语言，就没有借口，说这个功能没法完成，再举个通俗例子，还是打比方吧，一辆车，只有发动机，没有方向盘。所以只能直线行驶，不能转弯，所以不是哪里都可以去。但是如果有了方向盘，就能去任何地方了。

#xff0c; simple & #xff1a; if it's a perfect language ， no excuse ， saying that this function cannot be completed ， give another popular example & #xff0c; or compare it to xff0c; #xff0c; #xff0c; only engine xff0c; no steering wheel. So it's only straight #xff0c; cannot turn #xff0c; so it's not possible to go anywhere. But if there's a steering plate #xff0c; it can go anywhere.

图灵完备在这里，主要就是指区块链能否运行一段代码，这段代码用高级语言编写，可以有条件判断、甚至有循环的功能，就叫做"图灵完备"

Turing is complete here xff0c; mainly it refers to whether the block chain can run a code xff0c; this code is written in advanced language xff0c; functions 34; Turingtan34;

Web3.0与Web2.0相比的区别？

Web3.0 difference from Web2.0xff1f;

Web3.0技术栈

Web3.0 Tech > /strang >

strong>L2： this layer enhances L1 level capabilities : perform enhancements, encrypt messages, distribution calculations, etc.

状态通道（State channels）：区块链通过让节点在链外相互通信，通过在主链上 "打开 "和 "关闭 "通道，只写初始和最终结果，而不是在链上记录每个状态转换，从而提高可扩展性的一种方式。例子包括比特币的Lightning Network 和以太坊的Raiden Network

state channel xff08; State channels） ： block chain communicates with each other outside the chain by allowing nodes xff0c; & 34; & #34; and #34; close & #34; channel xff0c; write only the initial and final results xff0c; instead of recording each state on the chain xff0c; one way to increase scalability. Examples include Lighting Network in Bitcoin and Raiden Netwok in Taipan.

Plasma协议：Plasma是通过创建区块链的 "树 "来提高可扩展性的另一种方式，主链是树的根，而 "子 "区块链尽可能少地与更高级别的链互动。例子包括Loom的PlasmaChain和OmigeGO Plasma。

Encrypted storage，就是加密存储 。使用密码学对数据进行数学加密和解密，包括静态（即存储在特定的计算机上）和动态（即从一台计算机传输到另一台）。例如：静态指的是存储加密，动态指得是传输加密（HTTPS就是一种传输加密）

Plasma & #xff1a; Plasma & #34; another way to increase scalability & #xff0c; main chain is root & #xff0c; and & #34; sub-block chains interact as little as possible with higher chains. Examples include Plasma Chain and Omigigo Plasma in Loom.

Encrypted store #xff0c; encryption storage .

Heavy computation，就是重型计算 ：可以理解为如果需要进行大量的计算，例如在数组中推送大量的对象?提供一种方法，允许计算分散在许多计算机中，并证明计算是正确进行的。这方面的例子包括以太坊的Golem和TrueBit。

strong>Heavy Communication & #xff0c; i.e. heavy calculation

Distributed secret management 分布式秘密管理 : 允许信息只被授权方访问，包括复杂的场景，如 "解密此信息需要所有六个签名者使用他们的密钥 "或 "7个签名者中的任何5个必须同意"等等。

Distributed secret management : Allow information to be accessed only by authorized parties xff0c; including complex scenarios xff0c; e.g. & #34; decrypting this information requires all six signatories to use their keys & #34; or & #34; any five of the seven signatories must agree 34; etc.

Oracles: 将链外数据（如天气结果或股票价格）注入区块链的一种方式，一般供智能合约使用。

strang>Oracles: will use extra-chain data xff08; e.g. weather results or stock prices xff09; a way to inject block chains xff0c; generally for smart contracts.

L1:该层提供了分发和互动数据的能力

< strong>L1: This level provides the capacity to distribute and interact data

零/低信任度互动协议：描述不同节点如何相互作用并信任来自每个节点的计算和信息的协议。大多数加密货币，如比特币和ZCash，符合零/低信任交互协议的定义-，它们描述了节点参与协议所需遵循的规则。

0/low confidence interactive agreement： agreements describing how different nodes interact and trust calculations and information from each node. Most encrypted currencies xff0c; e.g. Bitcoin and ZCash， definitions of zero/low confidence interactive agreement - xff0c; they describe the rules to be followed for node participation in the agreement.

数据分配协议：描述数据如何在去中心化系统的各个节点之间分配和交流的协议。例子包括IPFS、Swarm和BigchainDB。（这块有机会会展开解释）

data distribution protocol： agreements describing how data are distributed and exchanged between the various nodes of the decentralised system. Examples include IPFS, Swarm and BigchainDB. xff08; this has the opportunity to explain xff09;

瞬时数据公共/子信息传递：描述不打算永久存储的数据（如状态更新）如何被传达以及如何让节点意识到其存在的协议。例子包括Whisper和Matrix。

Video Data Public/Sub-Information Transfer xff1a; describes data xff08; e.g. status update xff09; how nodes are communicated and how they are made aware of their existence. Examples include Whisper and Matrix.

the neutral computing description of the platform （ Platform-neutral communication description language） & #xff1a; a different physical platform & #xff08; architecture, operating systems, etc. & #xff09; how the same process is carried out. Examples include EVM（ #xff09; UTXOs #xff08; Bitcoin #xff09; and Wasm.

Web3具体内涵和目前的创业项目

Web3 specifics and current start-up projects

如上图所示，这些基础设施层共同构建了一个平台上的协议世界，下面就探讨一下Web3世界中每个模块的具体情况，以及究竟有哪些公司在做这些事情：

xff0c, as shown in the figure above; , the infrastructure layers have together built a platform-based protocol world and #xff0c; the specifics of each module in the Web3 world are discussed below; and what companies are doing these things xff1a;

身份

Identity >/strong

Although it is not yet clear how the identity will be authenticated xff0c; , one possible option is xff1a; access to various networks xff0c; brokering xff0c through holding specific digital bearer assets/NFT/private keys; this type of Internet giant authentication to future NFT authentication xff0c; it will have a variety of interesting implications for future user experiences. can imagine xff0c; xff0c; for example, xff0c; need a specific photo tag xff0c; access to a fun chat room.

这种去中心化的身份服务的另一个可能的社会后果是：允许人类对 "自我 "的概念进行更多的实验。要知道，人类目前对 "我们是谁 "的传统映射依赖于姓氏和身份证，但这些都是在互联网出现之前的相当随意的标识，就像我们作为人是不断变化的，现在我们的选择性身份也可以是这样的，许多人会选择用不同的假名来进行不同的知识和经济追求。

计算

Another possible social consequence of this decentralised identity service is xff1a; humans are allowed to experiment more with the concepts of & #34; self & #34; know xff0c; humans are currently doing & #34; who are we & #34; traditional mapping is dependent on family names and identity cards xff0c; but these are rather random markings prior to the advent of the Internet xff0c; just as we are changing xff0c; now our selective identity can also be xff0c; many will choose to use different aliases for different intellectual and economic pursuits.

strong > calculates

通用计算或执行任意智能合约的能力也将被协议化。在Web3世界的计算机主要候选对象是以太坊，因为拥有大规模的开发者网络效应。但是，关于其可扩展性的主要问题仍然存在，导致了一波第二层（rollups，Loopring等）和新的竞争性智能合约平台。而像Stacks这样的平台正在进行新的技术实验，以锚定像比特币这样相对更安全的区块链。

The ability to compute or execute any type of smart contract is also agreed. The main candidates for computers in the Web3 world are the Taiyo & #xff0c; because of the large-scale developers' network effect. But & #xff0c; the main problems with its expansion still exist & #xff0c; leading to a wave of second-tier & #xff08; rollups & #xff0c; Loopring and others & #xff09; and a new competitive smart contract platform. Platforms like Stacks are conducting new technological experiments & #xff0c; anchoring relatively safer sector chains like Bitco.

这种去中心化智能合约的使用案例：第一个主要的产品市场契合点是建立一个开放的的金融系统（通常被称为DeFi）。或许下一波浪潮将围绕着创建其他各种开放的、无许可的企业和人类组织，更常见的是被称为DAO或分布式自治组织。这种DAO可能看起来像更开放的公司结构，有选举产生的经理、董事会和报告（例如，见Yearn Finance最近在Github上的季度报告）。

The case of the use of decentralised smart contracts xff1a; the first major product market convergence point is the establishment of an open financial system xff08; commonly known as DeFi） and perhaps the next wave will revolve around the creation of other open, unlicensed businesses and human organizations

另一个更激进的去中心化计算的方法来自于重建整个计算栈的项目：到目前为止，像Urbit这样的项目：

Another more radical method of decentralizing calculations comes from the project to rebuild the entire calculator xff1a; xff0c so far; projects like Urbit xff1a;

1）个人服务器，可以在本地或云端托管；

1） Personal Serverxff0c; Hostable locally or on cloud xff1b;

2）一个完全重写的操作系统，旨在从根本上简化目前的代码臃肿，创始人极其有争议：是个超级Nerd，以及似乎是从《Magic: The Gathering.》中借来的命名惯例，该项目已经引发了它的困惑和争议，但社区的目标和决心（它现在已经有将近20年的历史）是相当令人印象深刻的。

2） a fully rewritten operating system xff0c; designed to radically simplify the current swollen code ， very controversial founder xff1a; a super Ned， and what appears to have been borrowed from Magic: The Gathing. xff0c; the project has caused confusion and controversy xff0c; but community goals and determination xff08; it now has nearly 20 years of history xff09; it is quite impressive.

通信

communication

Web 3原语（primitives）之间会有相当多的重叠。例如，Urbit正试图建立一个全新的计算机和网络通信协议类型。其他项目只是专注于p2p通信方面，以促进消息和社交媒体等核心应用。

Web 3 original & #xff08; primeries） there will be considerable overlap . For example & #xff0c; Urbit is trying to create a new type of computer and network communication protocol. Other projects focus only on p2p communications & #xff0c; promoting core applications such as news and social media.

目前最知名的可能是Mastodon（使用Activity Pub协议），它拥有超过200万用户，最近似乎吸引了一大片比特币Twitter。Mastodon有一个用户友好的界面，但并不像许多其他协议那样是去中心化的。它使用一个联合模型，不同的网络参与者要么是服务器，要么是客户端，但不能同时是。因此，服务器可以运行它喜欢的任何版本的Mastodon，但连接到该服务器的客户仍然受控制它的人的支配。对于大多数用户来说，手动迁移是不容易的。

The most well-known is probably Mastodon（ using the Activity Pub Protocol & #xff09; xff0c; it has more than 2 million users xff0c; it recently seems to have attracted a large bitcoin Twitter. Mastodon has a user-friendly interface xff0c; but it is not centralized as many other agreements do. It uses a joint model xff0c; different network participants are either servers xff0c; or the client xff0c; but not simultaneously. xff0c; the server can run any version of the Mastodon #xff0c that it likes; but clients connected to the server are still under its control. xff0c; manual migration is not easy for most users.

另一个竞争模式是Scuttlebutt，使用了一个p2p流言协议（p2p gossip protocol ），在这里，网络中的每台计算机既是客户端又是服务器，因此可以将信息转达给其他可信的节点，而不需要呼唤任何中心化实体。这种架构看起来非常棒，但可扩展性方面仍有问题，还处于早期。

Another competition model is Scuttlebutt， a p2p gossip protocol & #xff08; p2p Gossip protocol & #xff09; & #xff0c; here xff0c; each computer in the network is both a client and a server xff0c; thus the information can be conveyed to other credible nodes xff0c; and no centralised entity is required. This structure appears to be excellent xff0c; there are still problems with scalability #xff0c; and it is still at an early stage.

同时，像Maskbook这样的项目正采取特洛伊木马方法：没有从头开始建立一个全新的社交网络，而是让用户增强他们在现有社交网络（如Twitter和Facebook）上的体验。通过简单地下载一个浏览器扩展，用户可以有选择地加密信息，并将帖子链接到其他web3应用程序，如Uniswap或SuperRare，以便在帖子中进行加密货币或NFT交易。

At the same time xff0c; projects like Maskbook are using the Trojan horse approach xff1a; no new social network xff0c has been created from scratch; instead, users are asked to enhance their experiences on existing social networks xff08; e.g. Twitter and Facebook xff09; expand xff0c by simply downloading a browser; users are able to encrypt information xff0c; and link posts to other web3 applications xff0c; e.g. Uniswap or SuperRare #xff0c; to encrypt currency or NFT transactions in posts.

许多这种通信最终可能将在比特币之上的闪电网络上发生。

Many of these communications may eventually occur on the lightning network above Bitcoin.

存储

Store

我们需要存储Web3所有数据，而Arweave、Filecoin/IPFS, Sia, Storj,四个项目都是专注这一块的。Filecoin、Sia和Storj就像存储行业的AirBnB，目标是建立网络，激励来自世界各地的硬盘所有者（从业余爱好者到专业人士），让他们在尽可能多的正常运行时间内使用其多余的存储容量。他们使用类似于AWS、GCP或Azure等传统云存储供应商的限时支付模式。

We need to store all of Web3 data， while Arweave, Filecoin/IPFS, Sia, Storj, four projects are focused on this area. Filecoin, Sia and Stordj are like AirBnB， in the storage industry; the goal is to create a network xff0c; motivate hard disk owners from around the world xff08; from amateurs to professionals xff09; xff0c; let them use their excess storage capacity for as many normal hours as possible. They use time-bound payment models similar to traditional cloud storage providers like AWS, GCP or Azure.

他们最大的区别在于：

Their biggest difference is #xff1a.

1）不容易被审查

1 xff09; not easy to review

strong> if permanent storage works xff0c; then you can imagine xff0c; xff0c; xff0c; very high value for developers who want to permanently store their guidelines and data for their applications.

xff0c; xff0c; how far we are from establishing a truly decentralized Internet xff1f; xff0c; in encryption currency/value; strong> for communication, identity, storage and calculation xff0c; we seem to be approaching xff0c; but we are not ready for adoption in the mainstream.

目前越来越多的狂热者开始关注这些应用，风投和资本涌入，但是这里最大的风险仍然存在：目前正处于Web3泡沫的开始，主要是为5-10年后的主流采用逐渐奠定基础。由于现在互联网的存在，所有的技术趋势都在加速发展（这在很大程度上要归功于我们现有的互联网），所以也可能看到未来1-3年内出现Big Player.

More and more fanatics are now focusing on these applications xff0c; wind and capital inflows xff0c; but the greatest risks remain xff1a; is currently at the beginning of the Web3 bubble xff0c; mainly laying the foundation for a gradual adoption after 5-10 years. Due to the existence of the Internet xff0c; all technological trends are accelerating xff08; this is due in large part to our existing Internet xff09; xff0c; so it is possible to see Big Player. in the next 1-3 years.

Web3.0的特性

Features of Web3.0

The characteristics of Web3 facilitate the emergence of & #xff1a; this is more & #34; smart & #34; Internet & #xff0c; users can search closer to the natural language.

由于规则和网络内容更具相关性，用户搜索得到的信息将更加直接。

As rules and web content become more relevant xff0c; user-searched information will become more direct.

1.用户历史记录记录

1.

导航频率

Navigation frequency

网络访问量

Number of network visits

搜索类型

Search Type

实施活动

Implementation activities

在线购买情况

Online purchases

2.网站会分析数据和用户行为。

2. The website analyses data and user behaviour.

3.网络的个性化（每个独立的用户各有不同）

Personalization of the networkxff08; individual users vary from xff09;

4.Web3.0技术的发展

Development of technology at Web3.0

包括语言、智能程序、人工智能辅助和语义学。RDF: tools such as RDF Schema and OWL allow adding meaning to pages and is one of the essential technologies of the Semantic Web.

, smart programs, artificial intelligence aids and semantics.

人工智能：3.0技术中加入了计算处理的部分，可以从不同的知识源中推导出新知识。人工智能输入概念和对象之间的规则和关系，并推导出新定理，知识库得到增长。

Artificial intelligence & #xff1a; component & #xff0c in 3.0 technologies; new knowledge can be derived from different sources of knowledge. Rules and relationships between artificial intelligence input concepts and objects & #xff0c; and new theorem & #xff0c; knowledge base has grown.

Com：该网站的目标很远大，希望成为世界上最大的免费全球数据库。

Com： the website is ambitious xff0c; wants to be the largest free global database in the world.

5 提供按需定制的网络个性化服务

5 Provide customized web-based personalization services

6 平台和社交网络之间具备互操作性

6 Interoperability between platforms and social networks

7 地理定位：可以知道用户在哪里

7 Geolocation <#xff1a; knows where the user is

8 智能搜索:搜索时将不再出现成千上万的条目，网络将了解每个人，根据他们的搜索需求直接显示相关内容

8 Smart search: will no longer have thousands of entries xff0c; the network will know everyone xff0c; the content will be displayed directly according to their search needs

Web3的局限性有哪些？

What are the limitations of Web3? #xff1f;

目前，Web3还是存在一定的局限性：

At present xff0c; Web3 still has some limitations xff1a;

首先是可扩展性亟待提高。具体来说就是，由于Web3是去中心化，在上面的交易会相对缓慢。特别是付款等状态的改变，由于节点众多，需要由矿工处理并在整个网络中传播。

is, first of all, expansionary and urgent. is xff0c, specifically, because Web3 is decentralized xff0c; transactions there are relatively slow. xff0c, in particular, changes in the status of payments, etc. xff0c; due to the large number of nodes xff0c; needs to be handled by miners and disseminated throughout the network.

第二是用户体验问题：目前我们与Web3 App互动，还需要更多的教育过程和世界，特别是新的采用需要额外的步骤，这可能是目前广泛采用的障碍之一。

second is the user experience problem xff1a; now we interact with Web3 App xff0c; more educational processes and the world xff0c; in particular, new adoptions require additional steps xff0c; this may be one of the obstacles currently widely used.

第三是Web3的可访问性尚且不足，由于目前缺乏Web3和现代网络浏览器的整合，大多数普通用户无法访问web3。

third is that Web3 is not accessible enough & #xff0c; due to the current lack of integration of Web3 and modern web browsers xff0c; most general users cannot access web3.

第四是成本问题：由于成本高昂，大多数成功的Dapp在区块链上只放了很小的一部分代码。

fourth is cost & #xff1a; due to high cost xff0c; most successful Dapps have only a small fraction of the code in the block chain.

去中心化网络和非去中心化网络的区别

the difference between decentralized and decentralized networks

目前Web3在哪个阶段？

At what stage of Web3 xff1f;

Web3 with any application(s)xff1f;

由于Web3比DeFi（去中心化金融）的概念范畴更新，具体的例子相对较少。但是，打个比方，正如金融有各种应用，例如如贷款和借贷，互联网也是由各种服务和组件所构成的。

Because Web3 compares to DeFi（ Decentralized Finance & #xff09; conceptual domain update xff0c; specific examples are relatively few. But xff0c; for example xff0c; just as finance has various applications xff0c; e.g. loans and loans xff0c; the Internet is also made up of services and components.

The structure of the Internet is not what most people think it is xff1a; our Internet is either working xff0c; xff0c; xff0c; xffc; or offline. But ISP（, like T-Mobile and AT&T; Internet service provider xff09; xff0c because of monopoly xff0c; promise to fast connection xff0c; and then charge. is the opposite of xff0c; companies like Andrena and Althea create community networks xff0c; bypassing Internet providers xffff0c; individuals can operate and be remunerated in such community networks .

例如，业主可以投资一个Andrena热点，然后，所有租户都可以加入Andrena无线网络，租户根据数据和网络使用情况向房东付费。其他区块链网络，如Handshake以及Unstoppable Domains等公司，旨在使现有的域名系统（DNS）民主化，该系统将IP地址映射到等可读的地址。DNS由ICANN等组织控制，并拥有单方面的控制权。

在未来，内容创作者将能够公开存储他们的数据，与消费数据的地方分开。虽然这些服务在今天不太方便，但在未来，它们可能会被内置到我们日常使用的基础平台中。

strong> in the future xff0c; content creators will be able to publicly store their data xff0c; separate from consumption data. Although these services are not convenient today xff0c; but in the future xff0c; they may be built into the basic platform that we use on a daily basis.

有哪些反对Web3的意见？

what are the objections to Web3? #xff1f;

但是，也有反对Web3的声音，例如康奈尔大学法律和科技教授James Grimmelmann表示：Web3是伪概念，这是一种已经宣布但无法交付的产品。

But xff0c; there are also voices against Web3xff0c; for example, James Grimmelmann, Professor of Law and Technology at Cornell University, said xff1a; Web3 is a false concept xff0c; it is a product that has been declared but cannot be delivered.