自从20世纪90年代以来，中国就再也不会主动或被动错过任何一轮新技术革命浪潮，无论它是移动互联网还是新能源汽车，也无论它是人工智能还是自动驾驶。当然，也包括时下最热门的Web3.0。鉴于“Web3.0与中国无关”的论调近期颇为流行，如果您也是相信或附和它的一员，那么只有三种可能：1. 您日常的工作和生活，与Web3.0无关；2. 您以Web3.0的名义做的那些事，与中国无关；3. 您本人与中国无关。
Since the 1990s, China has not lost, either actively or passively, any new technological revolution wave, whether it is mobile Internet or new energy vehicles, or whether it is artificial intelligence or autopilot. Of course, it also includes Web3.0, the most popular version of which is “Web3.0 has nothing to do with China.” Given that the argument that “Web3.0 has nothing to do with China” has recently become popular, there are only three possibilities: 1. Your daily work and life have nothing to do with Web3.0; 2. What you do in the name of Web3.0 has nothing to do with China; 3. You yourself have nothing to do with China.
有一种流行的说法是，中国从事Web 3.0冒险的人都去了新加坡，也有一小部分去了迈阿密——自从加密货币在中国被禁止挖矿和交易之后，Web 3.0在中国生息的土壤就消失了。没有加密货币，数字资产（token）的意义何在？若数字资产（token）失去了意义，哪里来的区块链？若区块链不成立，又怎么有Web3.0？这种逻辑看似通透，实则从一开始在最关键的概念上混淆了下一代万维网（Web）依赖的区块链技术，与支持比特币发行而诞生的区块链技术的区别；也混淆了智能合约与数字资产的互联网经济学本质与货币金融学表象的区别。
There is a popular argument that China's WEB 3.0 venturers have gone to Singapore and a small part to Miami — since the encryption currency was banned from mining and trading in China, Web 3.0 has disappeared in China. Without encryption money, what is the significance of digital assets (token)? If digital assets (token) have lost their meaning, where are the chains? How can there be Web 3.0 if the chain of blocks is not in place? This logic seems comprehensible, and the fact that the next generation of web-based (Web)-dependent sector chain technologies has been confused from the very beginning with those that support the distribution of bitcoins; and the difference between the essence of smart contracts and digital assets on the Internet and the appearance of monetary finance .
——1990年12月20日，被称作“万维网之父”的粒子物理学家蒂姆·伯纳斯·李（Tim-Berners-Lee）发布了人类历史上第一个网站：欧洲原子核研究会的主页。然而，构建了人类商业互联网世界第一个十年的，不是科学研究机构或教授们的主页，而是美国在线、雅虎、Orkut、谷歌、新浪、网易和百度等数百家全球新闻媒体网站和搜索引擎。
— On 20 December 1990, Tim-Berners-Lee, the particle physicist known as the “father of the World Wide Web”, released the first site in human history: the home page of the European Atomic Nuclear Research Association. However, the first decade of the world's human commerce Internet was built not by scientific research institutions or professors, but by hundreds of global news media websites and search engines, such as American Online, Yahoo, Orkut, Google, New Wave, Web Easy and 100 degrees.
——1999年8月23日，埃文·威廉姆斯（Evan Williams）发布了Blogger，这是第一个让人们搭建个人博客，并允许用户评论、与博主互动的平台，它被认为是Web2.0的开端。但是，博客很快沦为不重要的工具，威廉姆斯2007年又参与创办Twitter，与Facebook的扎克伯格，还有太平洋另一侧的中国同行，开启了属于社交网络、视频工具、个性化电商与互联网生活服务的新世界之门。
– On August 23, 1999, Evan Williams released Blogger, the first platform to create personal blogs and allow users to comment and interact with bloggers, which is considered to be the beginning of Web 2.0. But, soon after Williams became an insignificant tool, he became involved in the creation of Twitter, Facebook's Zuckerberg, and his Chinese counterpart on the other side of the Pacific Ocean, opening the door to a new world of social networks, video tools, personalized electricians, and Internet life services.
——2008年10月31日，一位自称“中本聪”的神秘人物发明了比特币，首次应用了区块链网络设计。人们很快意识到区块链可以用来进行各种有着犯罪快感的金融冒险。2013年，以太币作为原生加密货币的区块链平台以太坊诞生，上面长出了上千种层出不穷的“替代币”，掀起了一场比19世纪50年代美国西海岸“淘金潮”更疯狂的淘金热。然而，分布式网络传输技术创造的共识算法和链式结构形成的区块链，其作为下一代万维网即Web3.0的基础构造，可以滋生更多基于信息网络的应用场景：Web3.0游戏已初见规模，IBM无币化的区块链正在助其重返企业级服务的王座，医疗、物流、地产交易和贸易等领域也在探索Web3.0将为它们带来什么。
– On October 31, 2008, a mysterious figure calling himself the “medium-brain” invented Bitcoin, applying for the first time the design of a block-chain network. It was quickly realized that the block-chain could be used for a variety of crime-friendly financial adventures. In 2013, a block-chain platform with a native encrypted currency was born in Taiku, with thousands of “alternative coins” growing, creating a gold-grabbing fever that was more insane than the “gold rush” on the western coast of the United States in the 1950s. However, the consensus algorithms created by distributed network transmission technologies and the chain-building blocks that form the building blocks of the next generation of the Web, Web3.0, could create more information network-based applications: Web3.0 games are already at an early stage and IBM’s non-monetary sector chains are helping them return to enterprise-level services, and the medical, logistics, geo-trade and trade areas are exploring what Web3.0 would bring them.
这是我们讨论Web3.0与中国有关无关，以及中国如何深度参与Web3.0信息技术革命的前提。希望继续讨论替代性货币在中国的前途和命运的，现在可以转身离开此文了。
This is a prerequisite for our discussion of Web3.0 as it relates to China, as well as the depth of China's involvement in the Web3.0 IT revolution. wants to continue discussing the future and fate of alternative currencies in China.
目前流行且被普遍认同的关于Web1.0到Web2.0再到Web3.0的演进与变革的解读和描述，来自纽约的区块链数据库和研究机构Messari，其研究员Eshita在《Web3.0，一言以蔽之》一文中，定义Web1.0的特征是“可读”（read）；Web2.0的特征是“可读+可写”（read+write）；Web3.0的特征则是“可读+可写+拥有”（read+write+own）。这是一个站在用户立场的描述。它看似抓住了互联网越来越具有丰富的互动性和个性化的演进脉络，也抓住了一切通过Web3.0网络流通的信息和交易都具备“数字资产”属性的要义。然而，它并不是一个关于Web1.0、Web2.0和Web3.0的精确概念性描述。
The current popular and widely accepted interpretation and description of the evolution and transformation of Web1.0 to Web 2.0 to Web3.0, a block chain database from New York and research institute, Messari, whose researcher, Eshita, in Web3.0, has defined Web1.0 as “readable” (readable); Web 2.0 is characterized by “readable plus writeable” (readable+write); Web3.0 is characterized by “readable+write” (readable+write); Web3.0 is characterized by “readable+write+possession” (readable+write+own). This is a description in the user's position. It appears to capture the Internet's increasingly interactive and personalized evolutionary context, as well as the need for “digital asset” attributes for all information and transactions circulating through Web3.0.
在Web1.0时代，人们并不仅可读，也可以在互联网上书写，除了投稿给新闻门户网站或受邀为网站专栏作家之外，BBS就是那个时代网民“可写”的言论表达广场。到了Web2.0时代，更多人“可写”了，但这并不是最重要的变化，人们在网络上变成一个个彼此发生互动关系的节点，变成有具体身份和形象的个体，能够表达、互动、结识和基于个性化身份更自由灵活的交易，才是这场变革的关键。Web3.0时代，通过加密散列、时间戳记和交易资料，每一个人和每一个机构在链状网络上的“可写”都变成了数字资产和加密的数字合同，它的意义远远超过了“拥有”本身。区块链研究机构Messari的这份报告，缺乏对人类互联网过往历史的理解，尤其是缺乏通过“信息互联网”之外的通过互联网提供服务和交易的理解，这让它甚至不能更好地理解区块链和Web3.0本身。
In the Web 1.0 era, it was not only readable, but also written on the Internet, where, in addition to contributing to news portals or being invited as a website columnist, the BBS was the “writable” expression square of the Internet. By Web 2.0, more people “write”, but this is not the most important change. People became an interactive node on the Internet, a person with a specific identity and image, able to express, interact, identify and deal more freely and flexibly on the basis of an individual identity. The Web3.0 era, by encrypting scattered, time stamping and trading information, has become digital asset and encrypted digital contracts for each individual and each institution, which have far more meaning than “own” itself. The report of Messari, a regional serial research institution, lacks an understanding of the history of the human Internet, especially the availability of services and transactions via the Internet outside the “information Internet”, has not even enabled it to better understand the links and Web3.0 itself.
对Web1.0到Web3.0的本质理解，不妨跳出美国形塑的认知。美国是一个文化内容和金融产业高度发达、在世界具有举足轻重支配地位的国家，这也体现在了它的互联网发展历程上：Web1.0时代的雅虎和PayPal，Web2.0阶段的YouTube和Stripe，正在Web3.0化的Netflix/Gamify和Block/Coinbase等，都是美国互联网内容和金融强势输出的一体两面。相较美国，中国互联网的发展具备更多改造物理世界基础设施和融合实体经济发展的工具属性，这也可以帮助我们形成自身对Web1.0到Web3.0的认知框架——尤其是对Web3.0的认知框架：
The
Web1.0，是“信息互联网”。
在商业互联网的早期，接收、传输和发布信息是人类使用互联网的主要目的和场景。新闻网站、搜索引擎、BBS社区、广告发布站（e.g Craiglist）、聊天室、原始状态的网络游戏等，都是信息属性鲜明的工具和平台。那时流行一句话，互联网上“没有人知道你是一条狗”，一个人网络身份的模糊性、不确定性和动态可变是Web1.0的重要特征。即便你通过PayPal转账给朋友，或是用早期的亚马逊和eBay购物，你的ID指向的也仅是一个住所地址或银行账户，与你本人是谁的关系并不密切。因此，“信息互联网”阶段，一个人在网站上注册的各种“账号”是没有太多价值的。
In the early days of the commercial Internet, receiving, transmitting and publishing information is the main purpose and scene of human use of the Internet. News sites, search engines, the BBS community, advertising outlets (e.g Craiglist), chat rooms, original state of the Internet games, etc., are tools and platforms of clear information attributes. When it is popular, the word “no one knows you are a dog” is used on the Internet, and the vagueness, uncertainty and dynamic variability of a person's identity on the Internet is an important feature of Web1.0.
Web2.0，是“身份互联网”。
随着博客和社交网络的出现，人们在互联网上“是谁”变得重要了。性别、国籍、地域、职业、教育程度、爱好和生活方式等标签，以刚性或柔性的方式，成为我们在社交网络、视频网站、购物平台甚至网约车软件注册的账号的一部分。交友app约会的匹配度、社交网络发表观点的公众反馈、网红直播带货的效果、病患对医生网络问诊的评价等，都与“你是谁”密切相关。一个逼近“真实”的身份，将为在网络上有行为轨迹的人带来更直接的结果和收益。而一个人在网络上的行为轨迹也潜在地构成了“身份”的一部分，被推荐引擎算法使用，推荐给他们更期待的文章、视频、交友对象、商品，甚至网约车司机。一切网络行为都社交化了，你是一个人还是一条狗，人们都知道，算法也知道。
Gender, nationality, geography, occupation, education, hobbies and ways of life, etc., will be part of our register of social networks, video sites, shopping platforms, and even Internet subscription software in a rigid or flexible way. Matching of dating with friends, public feedback from social networks publishing views, the effect of red tape, the patient's evaluation of a doctor's network, etc. are all closely related to "who you are." The identity of 而Web3.0，则是“契约互联网”。 互联网用户的“身份”，通过加密散列和时间戳记构成的分布式文件传输和存储系统，将得到前所未有的强化，甚至可以通过追溯政府颁布的出生证明、学历注册、工商登记和职业资格认证等信息，进行“盖戳”加密与固化，只能添加，不可篡改。而基于用户“身份”的一系列网络行为轨迹，例如图文与视频的发布、网购记录、大宗买卖、水电账单、商业合同、法证收集、生产供应链流程衔接等，都会通过属于每一个“身份”的资产通证（token）和智能合约运作，得到清晰的记录和戳记，甚至被智能合约自动推进。它让“真相”不再有被人为塑造的机会，一个人或机构，其身份与行为轨迹被真实记录，与他方订立的契约被系统推进，不可篡改地执行。区块链作为基础架构的下一代万维网，不仅让用户以“通证”对数字资产或实体资产的数字映射实现所有权确认，更是明确固定了“所有权”对应的契约关系。? The “identity” of 从上述角度看待从Web1.0向Web3.0的演化，并不难发现，它是一个用户“身份”从抽象到具象，从无用到有用，从一个指代符号到一个契约系统的演进过程。 From the above perspective, the evolution from Web1.0 to Web3.0 is not difficult to see as an evolution of a user's “identity” from abstract to physical, from useless to useful, from a finger symbol to a contractual system. 而Web3.0的本质，是“契约经济学”（Contract Ecomonics）。 “契约经济学”是一个古老的学科，旨在研究经济主体如何通过特定的契约安排，解决信息不对称问题。它与15年前流行的“免费经济学”（Freecomics）同属“信息经济学”的范畴，前者是后者的反动。区块链互联网是契约经济学重焕生机的土壤：它不再强调早期互联网带来的用户来去自由和免费享用一切互联网服务，转而强调每一个用户和每一次网络行为隐性的商业和货币价值，并通过区块链网络缔结的智能合约保护这些隐性的商业和货币价值。从长期的时间线看，Web3.0将折射在任何需要借助区块链网络生成价值和巩固契约关系的人类商业行为之上。 “Collective economics” is an ancient discipline aimed at studying how economic agents can address information asymmetries through specific contractual arrangements. 再看看Web3.0“契约经济学”本质，对中国意味着什么—— takes a look at the nature of Web3.0 “contractual economics” and what it means for China - . 在Web1.0“信息互联网”时期，中国是不折不扣的追随者。 During the “Information Internet” period of Web1.0, China was an excellent follower. 在Web2.0“身份互联网”阶段，中国逐渐成为世界主要的互联网商业力量，某些领域甚至超越了美国，这既因为移动互联网在中国的爆发式增长，也在于电子商务、移动支付、本地生活和物流服务等深度融入实体经济、解决中国发展不平衡不充分矛盾的一系列网络业态，通过对用户“身份”的识别与算法优化，实现了商业价值的几何级跃迁。 During the “Identity Internet” phase of Web 2.0, China has gradually become the world's leading Internet commercial force, and in some areas it has even surpassed the United States, both because of the explosion of mobile Internet in China and because of the deep integration of e-commerce, mobile payments, local life and logistics services into the real economy, as well as a series of web-based practices that address the insufficient imbalance in China's development, resulting in a geometric leap in commercial value through the optimization of user “identity” identification and algorithms. 在Web3.0“契约互联网”时代，中国高度数字化的实体经济与商业业态仍在继续发展，而商业机构与消费者、以及商业机构之间契约信任和权益保护，仍是突出的症结。它需要一个更不易被人为形塑、更公正且更自动化的技术体系，弥合发展与信任的沟壑，从而创造更明亮的商业、更优质的消费和更坚实的个体价值。 During the “Web 3.0 Compact Internet” era, China's highly digital real economy and business practices continued to develop, and contractual trust and protection of rights and interests between business institutions and consumers, as well as among business institutions, remained a prominent problem. needed a technological system that was less easily shaped, fairer and more automated, and bridged the gap between development and trust, thereby creating brighter commerce, better quality consumption and stronger individual values. 而越是庞大、复杂、多元与产业链体系完善的商业和社会形态，越是需要这样的基于“契约”的技术底座，比如中国。 The more large, complex, diverse and well-developed business and social patterns of the industrial chain system, the more such “contract-based” technology is needed, such as China. 有人说，Web3.0的一个重要特征，是分布式文件传输和存储的区块链网络带来的“去中心化”效应。 has been said to be an important feature of Web3.0 as a “decentralized” effect of a network of block chains distributed for file transmission and storage. 比如基于区块链在加密货币的应用而诞生的“去中心化金融”（De-Fi，Decentralinzed Finiance），即指人们可以在没有银行和政府参与下“自由”交换货币，从而实现对政府和银行管制系统的去中心化。由此衍生的另一个概念是“DAO”，即“去中心自治组织”（Decentralized Autonomous Oranization）的缩写，即达成一个共识的群体自发产生的共创、共建、共治、共享的协同行为。 For example, De-Fi, Decentralinzed Finance, which is based on block chains in the application of encrypted money, means that people can “freely” exchange money without the involvement of banks and governments, thereby decentralizing government and banking control systems. Another concept that follows from this is the acronym “DAO”, the “decentralized Autonomous Organization” – the spontaneous co-generation, co-building, co-governance, and co-sharing of consensus groups. 持这一理念的为数不少的人认为：中国是一个无论在社会还是商业治理方面都更信奉“中心化”原则的国家，不具备“去中心化”的理论和实践土壤。对加密货币的严厉禁止就是中国推崇“中心化”治理的典型例证。因此，无论是在金融还是商业社会生活的其它领域，以区块链为基石的Web3.0都难以真正落地成为现实。故而，Web3.0还是与中国无关。 A large number of people with this idea argue that China is a country that believes more in the principle of “centreization” in terms of both social and business governance, and has no theoretical and practical ground for “decentralization.” The severe ban on encryption money is a typical example of China’s promotion of “centralization” governance. 这个逻辑看似合理，也迎合了一些被驱逐出中国大陆的加密货币爱好者冷眼旁观或幸灾乐祸的隐秘心理，更是热门文章的好素材。然而，如果我们对人类的历史——哪怕是对人类的互联网历史有一些基本了解的话，就会发现这些人对“去中心化”的理解，从一开始就是建构在沙丘之上的摩天塔。 This logic seems reasonable, and it also caters to the secretive mind of some of the encoded currency fans expelled from the mainland of China to watch or gloat, which is much more popular. However, if we have some basic knowledge of the history of human beings, even of the Internet, we find that these people's understanding of “decentralization” has been built from the beginning of the Moto Tower on the sand dunes. 蒂姆·伯纳斯·李（Tim-Berners-Lee）发明的第一代万维网（Web1.0）本身就是人类“去中心化”理想的产物，也寄托着人类的“共识”。伯纳斯·李在1994年发起的“万维网联盟”（W3C）本身就是一个致力推动制定新标准来促进业界成员间的兼容性和协议的“共识组织”。而万维网对人类的贡献，从动机到结果都指向了信息建构权的去中心化。当时还能有什么比搭建一个网站或主页，用超文本链接互相连接在一起，更能制衡和消解广播公司、电视台、报纸和出版社的话语霸权呢？ Tim-Berners-Lee invented the first generation of the World Wide Web (Web1.0) as a product of the ideal of human “decentralization” and as a source of human “consensus.” The World Wide Web Alliance (W3C), launched by Bernard Lee in 1994, is itself a “consensual organization” committed to promoting the development of new standards to promote compatibility and agreement among industry members. And the contribution of the World Wide Web to humans, from motivation to outcome, points to decentralization of information construction rights. 然而，早期万维网的“去中心化”实验很快走向了它的反面：一批具有媒体属性的门户和垂直专业网站，如美国在线、雅虎、PChome和新浪等，形成了吞噬互联网流量的超级入口。而不久后这些超级网站的流量和影响力又不得不依附依附于更强大的门户网站——谷歌和百度等搜索引擎给予的权重排名。早期互联网“去中心化”的理想，就是这么一点点被商业巨头蚕食殆尽的。 However, the early “decentralization” experiment on the World Wide Web quickly turned its back on it: a group of media-enabled portals and vertical professional websites, such as American Online, Yahoo, PChome, and New Waves, created super-entry points that devoured Internet traffic. Soon after, the traffic and influence of these supersites had to be tied to the weight rankings given by the stronger portals, Google and 100% search engines. 因此，当博客（Blog）作为个人声音表达的集散地，与早期社交网络——如Friendster和MySpace等在本世纪初以“Web2.0”名义问世时，无论是它们的自我标榜，还是用户的期待，都指向了自主创作、独立评论、用脚投票、互动分享和彼此连接的“去中心化”。2004年10月在旧金山召开的第一届Web2.0峰会”上，“驾驭群体智慧”和“去中心化”概念作为Web2.0的标志性特征被频繁提出。谁敢说维基百科不是一个去中心化、用户自由编辑生成的大型知识数据库呢？谁又能否认在日后姗姗来迟的Facebook和Twitter上，用户没有获得更多表达、分享和联系的自由呢？ Thus, when blogs and early social networks, such as Friendster and MySpace, appeared in the name of “Web 2.0” at the beginning of this century, whether their self-labelling or user expectations point to “decentralization” of autonomous creation, independent comment, foot voting, interactive sharing and connectivity. At the first Web 2.0 Summit, held in San Francisco in October 2004, the concepts of “driving community wisdom” and “decentralizing” were frequently raised as the hallmark of Web 2.0. Who dared to say that Wikipedia was not a big knowledge database that was decentralized and freely edited by users? 那些在当下拼命鼓吹和渲染Web3.0“去中心化”玫瑰色愿景的人们，很可能已经精准地摘除了留在他们大脑记忆体里的10多年前关于Web2.0如何实现“去中心化”的豪迈宣言；当然，这可能与一些Web3.0激进参与者过于年轻有关。Web2.0后来发生的事是人们都清楚的：Facebook和Twitter成了少数人超级意志的试验场和推荐算法的黑盒子，当然也包括中国的一些内容和社交产品。而基于社交、地理位置和身份属性的生活服务，例如Uber和滴滴，也用推荐算法以“上帝视角”俯视它们的用户。它们是新的互联网“中心节点”，也培育和孳养了新的中心化用户。 历史如此，我们又究竟该如何相信Web3.0鼓吹者和实践者的“去中心化”理想呢？ How do we believe in the vision of “decentralized” by the advocates and practitioners of Web3.0? 毕竟，人类互联网30多年的历史，就是一部技术理想主义者在“苍天已死，黄天当立”的预言中开启新篇章，心怀叵测的投机者和不露声色的现实主义者乘虚而入，最后一起沦为新的“苍天”，再等着被下一代“黄天”无情颠覆的周期律历史。很不幸地，眼下的Web3.0世界，已进入到了心怀叵测的投机者和不露声色的现实主义者小心翼翼地瓦解“去中心化”本质的阶段，而它还没来得及为加密货币之外的“契约经济”，带来什么真正的价值。 After all, the history of the human Internet for more than 30 years is that of a technocratic idealist who opened a new chapter in the prophecy of “the dead, the dead, the dead, the dead, the dead, the illustrious speculators and the silent realists who took advantage of it and ended up with a new “the sky,” waiting for the cyclical history of being brutally subverted by the next generation of “the yellow sky.” Unfortunately, the world of Web3.0 has reached the stage of “de-centralized” by speculators and silent realists, and it has not yet come to the point of bringing real value to the “contracting economy” beyond the cryptic currency. 也许没人能否认传说中的中本聪是一名技术理想主义者，他发明的比特币系统也的确建立起了一套破天荒的“去中心化”货币交易与发行的自治体系，以及基于“挖矿”的工作量证明机制的“共识”算法。后来诞生的以太坊也似乎很好地继承和发展了这套体系和共识算法。然而，过去的10年层出不穷的加密货币纷纷冒出，可它们建立了什么共识呢？除了实现了自由发行和交易“货币”的去中心化，让加密货币的挖掘、分布、交易和权证看似在分布式的区块链计算机网络上去中心化运行，它又带给了更多人什么呢？又有多少这场激进的去中心化金融游戏的参与者，在去中心化自治组织（DAO）中通过投票参与了“社区建设”，真正捍卫了自己的财富呢？ Perhaps no one can deny that the central brain of the legend is a technocrat, and that his invention of the Bitcoin system has indeed established an inexorable system of “decentralized” monetary transactions and issuance, as well as a “consensual” algorithm based on the workload proof mechanism of “mining.” The later-born Ether also seems to have inherited and developed this system and consensus algorithms well. But, in addition to decentralizing the free distribution and trading of “currencys” and centralizing them into a network of digital computers in the distributed chain, what has it brought with it? How many participants in this radical decentralized financial game have voted to participate in “community-building” in the centralized self-government group (DAO) to actually defend their wealth? 当“去中心化”成为少数人获得原本属于更多人的财富的“正当名义”，以及一种通过分布式的区块网络计算与存储大行其道的技术工具的时候，我们就无法再将“去中心化”的技术路径，与它曾经蕴藏的某些理想主义的人类社会理念混为一谈。作为社会理想的“去中心化”在人类互联网历史上多次出现，也根本就不存在。 When “decentization” becomes a “legitimate name” for a few to gain the wealth that belongs to more people, and a technical tool for calculating and storing the way through distributed block networks, we can no longer confuse the technological path of “decentralization” with some of the idealistic concepts of human society that it once harboured. “decentralization” as a social ideal has appeared many times in the history of the human Internet and does not exist at all. 那些Web3.0“去中心化”的鼓吹者可能根本不愿意提及：比特币发行之初的早期“矿工”——他们大多是与“中本聪”打过交道的人——在短期内挖出了大量的比特币。他们很有可能控制着区块链世界50%以上的比特币，有能力通过组织比特币网络50%以上的哈希率，凌驾于任何“共识”之上，形成事实的中心节点，而比特币系统的未来命运，将很大程度上不得不取决于这一小撮人的道德感。 The advocates of Web3.0 “decentralized” may not even be willing to mention that the early “miners” at the beginning of Bitcoin – mostly those who had dealt with the “medium bellows” – have dug up large amounts of bitcoins in the short term. They are likely to control more than 50% of the world’s block chain, have the capacity to take over 50% of the al-Hash ratio by organizing the Bitcoin network, over any “consensus” and form the centre of the facts, and the future fate of the bitcoin system will depend to a large extent on the moral sense of this small group of people. 那些Web3.0“去中心化”的鼓吹者可能也根本不情愿解释：被风险投资巨鳄a16z一手捧起来的区块链加密货币项目Solana，是如何从一开始就在区块链上开发了核心节点，而它的验证者需要质押100万美元等值的“索拉纳币”（SOL）才能进行区块链验证，且需要大量计算资源，从而导致加入共识验证的参与者寥寥无几，令Solana几乎成为明目张胆的“中心化”公链——它超越以太坊的超高性能和超高宕机率也证明了这一点。 The advocates of Web3.0 “decentralization” may also be reluctant to explain how Solana, a block chain-encrypted currency project held by the risk-investment giant a16z, has developed a core node on the block chain from the outset, and its certifying agents need to pledge US$ 1 million equivalent “SOL” in order to verify the block chain, and a significant amount of computational resources that have led to very few participants joining the consensus certification, making Solana almost “centralized” the public chain — as demonstrated by the fact that it transcends the ultra-highness and hyper-highness of the Taikus. 那些Web3.0“去中心化”的鼓吹者可能更羞于承认：他们加入基于一致有效性规则的“共识机制”，在大多数情况下，是因为他们对区块链上的散列和代码究竟是如何运转的，其实一无所知。他们参与根本不知道该如何参与的共识，成为被收割者。而埃隆·马斯克式的人物在社交媒体上对某一种加密货币呼风唤雨的“带货”，很大程度上就是他们决定接受这个“共识”的唯一依据。“社交本位”通过加密货币大行其道，不一定带来算力和技术的中心化，却一定带来影响力和受益者的中心化。 The advocates of Web3.0 “decentralization” may be even more ashamed to admit that they joined the “consensus mechanism” based on the rule of unanimity, in most cases because they did not know how the hash and the code on the block chain actually worked. They participated in a consensus that had no idea how to participate and became the reaper. 是时候对“去中心化”再次祛魅了。 It's time to go decentralize again. 只有当我们意识到：区块链发明者的“去中心化”理想主义，已经被纷至沓来的投机者瓦解得支离破碎的时候，我们才可以平心静气地接受一个基于现实主义的Web3.0的未来—— Only when we realize that the “decentralized” idealism of the inventors of the block chain has been shattered by speculators who have come to the fore, can we accept a future based on realism — Web3.0. 在一个由核心节点掌握的“中心化”区块链网络上，用“去中心化”的分布式账本和加密散列，保障不同的经济主体之间的数字产权和商业价值不受侵犯，并形塑它们互相的契约关系——这也理应是中国的政府、企业和社会组织在Web3.0浪潮中扮演的角色。 In a network of “centreized” block chains, controlled by the core nodes, the “decentralized” distribution books and encrypted hashs guarantee the inviolability of digital property rights and commercial values between different economic entities and shape their contractual relations with each other — a role that should also be played by China's government, business and social organizations in the Web3.0 wave. 中国的参与，褪去了Web3.0“去中心化”的原教旨主义成分，赋予其更强烈的技术中立主义色彩，令其更有效地通过“去中心化”的技术手段，服务复杂的商业链条、社会系统和交易契约。 The involvement of “中心化”是中国文化传统的一部分，也是嵌套至社会结构和商业结构中的深层要素，但它并不妨碍“去中心化”的细胞生长在这个肌体的神经末梢上。毕竟中国历代封建王朝明智的皇帝都清楚一个道理：只有将土地分散给更多的人占有和耕种，培育各种可供交易的作物，而不是任由土地被少数人兼并，朝廷才能收缴更多的赋税，中央集权才能更坚不可摧。 “Centralization” is part of China’s cultural tradition and a deep element embedded in social and commercial structures, but it does not prevent “decentralized” cells from growing on the nerve end of this body. After all, the wise emperors of China’s feudal dynasty have understood one thing: only by decentralizing land to more people, cultivating various types of tradable crops, rather than allowing the land to be annexed by a few, will the court collect more taxes and centralization be more indestructible. 而区块链长达14年的技术实践也验证了一个接近真理的事实：计算节点的绝对“去中心化”是运行效率与可拓展性的天敌——更准确地说，去中心化、效率/可拓展性和安全性之间形成了“不可能三角”，兼顾两者必牺牲其一。那么，在中国这样一个长期追求商业和社会运行效率且视其为美德，致力于将区块链技术应用于更广泛的商业和社会契约场景，而非一群人安静地观察着某种加密货币交易流动过程的国家，我们最在意的又是什么呢？ And the 14-year-old technical practice of block chains confirms the fact that absolute “decentralization” of the node is the natural enemy of operational efficiency and expansion 如果在一个计算节点的相对中心化的区块链网络上建立“联盟”，在有法律法规和监管参与“中心化”治理并成为最大共识的前提下，实现交易、缔约与彼此联动的效率和安全最大化，有什么不能接受的呢？ What is unacceptable if a “coalition” is established on a relatively central network of blocks that calculates nodes and maximizes the efficiency and security of transactions, contracting and connecting to each other, provided that laws and regulations are involved in “centralized” governance and that there is the greatest consensus? 换言之，比起在Solana这样的“中心化”区块链上假装“去中心化”地建立各种交易所和发行代币，接受一个堂而皇之的中心化联盟链，创造更多实际的价值，对中国的政府、组织和商业机构和消费者，是不是一件划算的事？ In other words, is it more cost-effective for China's Government, organizations and business institutions and consumers than to pretend to be “decentralized” in a “centralized” block chain to set up exchanges and issue tokens and accept a centralized union chain that can create more real value? 搁置了关于“去中心化”的原教旨迷思，赋予其背后的区块链技术——或曰Web3.0更强烈的现实主义和技术中立主义色彩，我们才能更清晰地看到它的技术演进路径，以及它与前两代万维网的关系映射和实质突破。 By setting aside the fundamental myth of “decentralization” and giving it the technology behind it — or the stronger realism and technological neutrality of Web3.0 — we can see more clearly the path of its technological evolution and its relationship to the first two generations of the World Wide Web. Web3.0的网站或应用普遍采用了2014年发明的IPFS（星际文件系统）——它是一个旨在创建持久且分布式存储和共享文件的网络传输协议，也是一种内容可寻址的对等超媒体分发协议，即在IPFS网络中的节点将构成一个分布式文件系统，数据拆分成几十份更小的数据，分布存储在几十个不同的服务器里，哪怕有一个服务器宕机也不影响其它的存储。这也是Web3.0在技术实现上“去中心化”的原理。 The web site or application of 而前两代万维网采用的是上世纪90年代初期发明的HTML协议，即从一个中心化的数据存储中心调取数据，通过协议标准生成静态或动态网页。从这个意义上，你甚至可以认为IPFS才是真正的“第二代万维网”（Web2.0）。 The first two generations of the World Wide Web used the HTML protocol invented in the early 1990s, whereby data are extracted from a centralized data storage centre and static or dynamic web pages are generated by protocol standards. In this sense, you can even assume that IPFS is the real `second generation' of the World Wide Web (Web 2.0). 这无疑是一个技术演进的突破。如果再来看看关于Web3.0的一些技术关键词，也不难发现它们与前两代万维网的映射关系，这将帮助我们理解一个健全的Web3.0应该是什么样子—— This is certainly a breakthrough in technological evolution. If you look at some of the technical keywords about Web3.0, it's not hard to see their relationship to the mapping of the first two generations of the World Wide Web, which will help us understand what a sound Web3.0 should look like -- . “链” ≈ 操作系统 任何“链”都是以区块的方式组成的，它负责存储信息，按产生的时间顺序连接成链，储存在服务器（节点）中。每一条“链”——比特币、以太坊和Solana等，都可以被视作Web1.0和Web2.0的“操作系统”。项目“上链”，就是一个软件或app在一个操作系统上运行。“公链”就像Windows或Android，只要遵循基本的协议和“共识”就可以上传应用。而“联盟链”更像苹果iOS系统，项目需接受更严格的审核，遵循一个更强有力的中心化“共识”。 Any “chain” is made up of blocks that store the information, link it in the order in which it is produced, and store it on the server (node). Each “chain” — Bitcoin, Ether and Solana — can be considered an “operational system” for Web1.0 and Web 2.0. The project “uplink” is a software or app that operates on an operating system. The “public chain” is like Windows or Android, and can be uploaded as long as the basic agreement and consensus are followed. The “coalition chain” is more like the Apple iOS system, and the project is subject to more rigorous scrutiny and follows a stronger centralization of the “consensus”. “智能合约” ≈ TCP/IP +?API "intelligent contract"TCP/IP+? API “智能合约”是传播、验证或执行合同的计算协议，允许在没有第三方的情况下进行可追踪、不可逆和不可篡改的可信交易。作为一种协议，“智能合约”可以映射的参照物是Web1.0的“TCP/IP协议”和Web2.0的“API协议”，保证不同网络间信息的传输与跨应用程序的数据调用。不过，智能合约具备更强的服务契约和交易的经济学属性，其可溯源、不可篡改与不可逆的特性是前两代万维网不具备的——毕竟中断网络传输和关闭数据调取权限都是轻而易举的事。 “Intelligent contracts” are computing protocols that disseminate, validate, or execute contracts, allowing for traceable, irreversible, and non-reversible transactions without third parties. As an agreement, “intelligent contracts” map “TCP/IP protocols” of Web1.0 and “API protocols” of Web 2.0, guaranteeing the transfer of information between networks and the transfer of data across applications. “场景”/Dapp ≈ 网站、桌面软件 + 移动app 区块链上的应用“场景”，也被一些人称作“Dapp”（分布式应用），则相当于Web1.0时代的网站、桌面软件和Web2.0时期的移动应用程序（app）。基于Web3.0的分布式应用和场景既能通过浏览器也能通过特定的移动app访问。而当下主流的Web3.0应用场景，无疑是发行在各条公链上的层出不穷的加密货币和加密货币交易所，以及数字资产非同质化代币（NFT）应用。你不得不承认，Web3.0是与货币、资产、交易和金融最无缝融合的下一代万维网基础设施。 The application of the block chain, also referred to by some as the “Dapp” (distributed application), corresponds to the Web1.0-era web site, desktop software and the Web 2.0 period mobile application (app). Distributive applications and scenes based on Web3.0 can be accessed both through browsers and through specific mobile apps. The current mainstream Web3.0 application is undoubtedly an enthronement of encrypted currency and encrypted currency exchanges and digital asset decoupling (NFT) applications. You have to admit that Web3.0 is the next generation web infrastructure with the most seamless integration of money, assets, transactions and finance. Web3.0为什么会成为加密货币交易和金融冒险的温床？原因在于token的发行。 Why does Web3.0 become a hotbed of encrypted currency transactions and financial adventures? “token”本是计算机科学术语，通常翻译为“令牌”，是不同设备之间交换信息的暗号。而在区块链网络上的token，就是“智能合约”得以被验证和执行的“暗号”，是资产归属的标志。它是一个在前两代万维网找不到映射参照物的新事物，体现区块链网络的本质。而在一个以挖掘、发行和交易加密货币为主要功能的区块链应用上，“token”就是“代币”的化身，可以被直接拿来确认它的归属权，并进行买卖交易。既然区块链技术是因应比特币诞生的，则最早的token，就是一枚比特币。 “token” is a computer science term, usually translated as a sign for the exchange of information between different devices. Token, on the block chain network, is the signal that an “intelligent contract” can be authenticated and enforced. It is a new object that no map reference can be found on the first two generations of the World Wide Web, reflecting the essence of the block chain network. And 然而随着区块链网络的发展和更多应用场景的出现，人们需要对token的本质有着更清晰的认知。它并不仅仅是加密货币，甚至可以不是加密货币。它更应该被翻译为“通证”，即“可流通的加密数字权益证明”，体现的是资产权益归属。 , however, with the development of a network of blocks and the emergence of more applications, one needs to have a clearer understanding of the nature of Token. It's not just an encrypted currency, it can not even be an encrypted currency. It should be translated as a “passport”, i.e., a “proven cryptographic digital entitlement” that reflects the ownership of assets. 一个token可以是一张数字房产证、一大宗宁德时代交付给特斯拉的锂电池货物记录、一枚御制宣德炉的产权戳记、一首周杰伦单曲的发行商版权指纹……它们可以因为有了token而得到确权证明，进而用智能合约“流通”所有权和使用权。而进行流通的交易方式，可以是token本身附带的加密货币，也可以就是数字法币。 A token could be a digital real estate certificate, a large inventory of lithium batteries delivered to Tesla in the Nind era, a title stamp for a royal German oven, and a copyrighted fingerprint for a week-long Jayon monologue... They could be authenticated by having token, and then “dispatch” ownership and use of smart contracts. 这是token，也是Web3.0“非币化”的理论和技术依据。 is token and the theoretical and technical basis for “non-monetaryization” of Web3.0. 几乎每一个鼓吹者都宣称：Web3.0和区块链技术能给人类商业世界带来更可信任和妙不可言的未来，然而，至今我们看到的仍是各种加密货币和交易所在区块链上大行其道。另一些人宣称在区块链上建立起了丰富诱人的应用场景，而这些场景最终仍指向了代币交易和财富收割。 Almost every advocate claims that Web3.0 and block chain technology can provide a more trustable and promising future for the human business world, yet what we have seen so far is that a variety of encrypted money and exchanges are moving on the block chain. Others claim to have created attractive applications on the block chain, which eventually point to the trading of tokens and the harvesting of wealth. 近期颇流行的在Solana平台上发行的跑步应用StepN就是一例。你能想象跑步能赚钱吗？花近1000美元的等值“金币”买了一双虚拟球鞋，再花一笔数目不菲的装备费，然后每天跑步，在地图上留下痕迹，积累金币，升级装备，再等着新加入的人买走。StepN的创始人声称：因为平台内可以交易金币和装备，StepN只收取交易费，所以产生了实际价值，这也让它避免沦为“庞氏骗局”。 One example of a recently popular running application is StepN, which is on the Solana platform. Can you imagine that running can make money? The equivalent of $1,000's “gold coin” buys a pair of virtual sneakers, spends a lot of expensive equipment, then runs daily, leaves marks on the map, accumulates gold coins, upgrades equipment, and waits for the newcomers to buy it? The founder of StepN claims that because the platform can trade gold coins and equipment, StepN only collects transaction fees, and thus produces real value, which makes it avoid a ponzi scheme. 然而，StepN与经典庞氏骗局的唯一区别可能就在于：只要StepN上的卖家永远比买家少，它就可以运行下去。而庞氏骗局需要不断有新加入的“下家”买下“上线”的资产。但是，被炒得如此昂贵的“鞋”和“装备”真的能永远吸引更多下线加入么？而“跑步”在这场成本越来越高的击鼓传花游戏中，真的有那么重要么？它体现了什么除了可以用代币购买的东西之外的价值呢？ The only difference between StepN and the classic Ponzi scheme, however, may be that as long as there are always fewer sellers on StepN than buyers, it can function. And the Ponzi scheme requires a new “down-line” to buy assets. But can such expensive “shoes” and “equipment” attract more bottom-lines forever? Web3.0弄潮儿是如此热衷“X to earn”的模式，游戏赚钱、学习赚钱、唱歌赚钱、睡觉赚钱……它们打开了人们理解Web3.0的另一种方式，让一些人可以参与有意义的事，却通常缺乏一个有效的机制，阻止纷至沓来的投机者，把它们变成一场场以“上线收割下线”而非行动本身为主要目标的代币金融游戏。 Web3.0 is such a “X to earn” model, where games make money, learn money, sing money, sleep money... They open up another way of understanding Web3.0, allowing some people to participate in meaningful things, but often lack an effective mechanism to stop the emerging speculators from turning them into a token financial game whose main objective is to “get off the line” rather than the action itself. 在当下，这似乎成了“X to earn”这一Web3.0模式的悖论：当人们试图用区块链网络创造“去金融化”的应用场景，仅以代币作为激励和回报手段的时候，代币金融属性势必激发人性的贪婪，迅即压倒这些场景本来的面目，成为游戏的主角。当“X to earn” 的X成了摆设，甚至不需要X就能earn的时候，它离金融骗局也就只有一步之遥了。 At the moment, this seems to be the paradox of the Web3.0 model of “X to earn”: when people try to create a “definancialization” application using a network of block chains, using tokens only as an incentive and as a reward, the financial attributes of the tokens are bound to inspire human greed and quickly overtake the scenes and become the main players in the game. When the “X to earn” X becomes a set-up, not even an X-earner, it's only a step away from the financial scam. 为什么一定会这样？互联网的历史或许能告诉我们一些答案：色情网站的历史几乎与早期商业互联网的历史一样悠久，博彩是最经久不衰的Web1.0应用。而在Web2.0的社交网络兴起后，陌生人“交友”app通过会员费的赚钱速度是最快的，当然还有美女帅哥出镜的直播打赏。在本质上，加密货币和色情、博彩、约会和暧昧直播一样，都是最能撩拨人们内心隐秘欲望和蠢动的东西，自然有强大的生命力。更可怕的是，加密货币的金融属性让它本身就更像一种博彩，更令人不能自拔。 The history of the Internet may tell us some of the answers: pornography is almost as old as the history of the early commercial Internet, and gambling is the oldest Web1.0 application. And, with the rise of the Web 2.0 social network, stranger “friendship” apps are the fastest to earn through membership fees, and, of course, beautiful boys are rewarded by live television. In essence, encryption money and pornography, lottery, dating, and narcissistic broadcasting are the most powerful things that capture people’s hidden desires and stupidity. Web1.0和Web2.0能诞生一系列改变人类生活和商业形态的应用，创造千亿万亿美元市值的公司，是因为“黄赌毒”尽管有诱惑力，但它尚且阻止不了人们对更美好事物的向往。相比之下，加密货币可谓“致命诱惑”，还有“去中心化”、“社区自治”和“金融革命”等理想主义概念加持——无论理想主义者、投机者还是现实主义者，都能找到堂而皇之加入它的理由。 Web1.0 and Web 2.0 produce a series of applications that change human life and business patterns, creating billions of dollars in market value companies, because “yellow gambling,” though tempting, does not stop people from looking for better things. By contrast, encryption money can be called a “lethal temptation,” and idealistic concepts such as “decentralization”, “community autonomy” and “financial revolution” – whether idealists, speculators, or realists – can justify joining it. 这就导致了一个尴尬的局面：加密货币阻碍了Web3.0通向改变世界的美好愿景的前进道路。 leads to an awkward situation: encrypted currency blocks the way forward for Web3.0 towards a better vision for changing the world. 从这个角度，也就不难理解为什么Web3.0的“非币化”，成了中国参与Web3.0革命的必然选择。也就不难理解为什么中国的政策主管机构在严厉打击境内加密货币发行和交易的同时，仍然主动学习和探索区块链技术的应用，并加快推进数字人民币的普及。 From this point of view, it is easy to understand why the “non-monetaryization” of Web3.0 has become the inevitable option for China to participate in the Web3.0 revolution. It is also difficult to understand why China’s policy authorities, while stifling domestic encryption of currency issuances and transactions, are still actively studying and exploring the application of block chain technology and accelerating the spread of digital renminbi. 在加密货币的丛林世界，全球华人是一股极其活跃的力量。在2018年以前，中国大陆也是全球加密货币最生生不息的地区，数十万计的挖矿者、加密货币发行者和交易者只嗅到热钱的气息，嗅不到危险的降临：无论是通过加密货币收割了财富的早期玩家，还是闻风而至等待被收割的迟来者，他们参与这场游戏的前提都是用美元购买相应数量的加密货币。而大多数人的美元资产都在中国境内，或需用人民币兑换美元汇出境外。它造成的是中国外汇储备的外流，也有“洗钱”之嫌。 Before 2018, China’s mainland was also the world’s most infested currency, with hundreds of thousands of diggers, coded money issuers and traders smelling nothing but hot money. It caused the flight of Chinese foreign exchange reserves and the “money-laundering” phenomenon. 尽管加密货币鼓吹者再如何强调他们追求的是金融的“去中心化”，但任凭谁也无法掩饰一个显而易见的事实：“去中心化”的比特币、以太币、狗狗币等任何一种代币，其流通的起始点,都是世界上最“中心化”的法定货币——美元。否则你又该怎么理解红杉资本和a16z等美元风险基金对加密货币的热衷呢？没有美元的全球中心地位，就没有加密货币在全球的流行。 , although the advocates of cryptophone money can no longer emphasize that they are seeking to “de-centralize” finance, leaves no one to hide the obvious fact that the Bitcoin of “de-centralized” any of the tokens, such as the bitcoin, the Taico, the Dogcoin, etc., is the starting point of the world’s most “centralized” legal currency – the United States dollar. How else do you understand the passion of risk funds such as Redwood Capital and a16z for encrypted currency? Without the dollar’s global central status, there is no global prevalence of encrypted currency. 那么，这对致力于推动人民币国际化和数字人民币应用的中国来说，打开加密货币的大门，任由中国境内的财富兑换成美元加入这场游戏，又意味着什么呢？ So what does it mean for China, which is committed to promoting the internationalization of the renminbi and the application of the digital renminbi, to open the door to encrypted currency and allow the exchange of wealth in China into the United States dollar? 美联储官员约翰·威廉斯（John Williams）近期表示：加密货币无法否定美联储发挥的供应货币和流动性、为经济和金融系统带来稳定的作用，并补充说美联储必须仔细考虑适当的监管，以保护消费者和投资者，确保金融系统的稳定和安全。美国对加密货币审慎监管但并不杜绝的态度有美元的世界地位作为倚靠，而萨尔瓦多和洪都拉斯等法币信用早已崩溃的小国直接宣布接受比特币为法定货币——世界上恐怕只有这两种极端状况可以给加密货币最多的可乘之机。而中国，不属于以上任何一种情况。 US Federal Reserve official John Williams recently stated that cryptographic currencies cannot deny the Fed’s role in providing money and liquidity, bringing stability to the economic and financial system, and added that the Fed must carefully consider appropriate regulation to protect consumers and investors and ensure the stability and security of the financial system. America’s prudential regulation of encrypted currencies, but not inexcusable, relies on the dollar’s world position, and small countries such as El Salvador and Honduras, which have already collapsed in French currency, have directly declared their acceptance of bitcoins as legal currencies – two extremes that the world may have the greatest opportunity to use encrypted currencies. 对中国来说，一个强大的、有信用的人民币的国际化前景是不可逆的，而中国区块链网络上的数字资产权益也必须通过人民币的数字化加以流通和保证。也许，当有一天人民币的国际化地位前所未有巩固的时候，中国对加密货币可能会展现另一种灵活的态度。 For China, the prospect of internationalization of a strong, credited renminbi is irreversible, and digital asset rights and interests on the Chinese block-chain network must also be circulated and guaranteed through digitalization of the renminbi. Perhaps, one day, when the renminbi’s internationalization status has never been consolidated, China may show another flexibility with regard to encrypted currency. 从回报的规模和速度上，数字金融的诱惑力永远大于普通的数字互联网经济，而数字经济的诱惑力又大于基于数字化的制造业和实体经济。如果中国的Web3.0和区块链网络致力于服务的，是这个庞大的经济与社会组织体之上的复杂商业链条、社会系统和交易契约，token的“非币化”与数字资产凭证化，也许是根源上必须的选择。 In terms of scale and speed of return, digital finance is always more tempting than the average digital Internet economy, and the digital economy is more tempting than a digitally based manufacturing and real economy. If China’s Web3.0 and block-chain networks are committed to service, it is a complex business chain, social systems and transaction contracts above this vast economic and social organization, token’s “non-monetaryization” and digital asset documentation, perhaps the necessary choice at the root. 从长期时间线看，Web3.0将折射在任何需要借助区块链网络生成价值和巩固契约关系的人类商业行为之上。而中国的Web3.0致力服务这个庞大的经济与社会组织体之上的复杂商业链条、社会系统和交易契约，势必强调token的“非币化”和数字资产凭证属性，从源头避免被加密货币“绑架”。 From a long-term time horizon, Web3.0 will mirror any human business that needs to generate value and consolidate contractual relationships through a network of block chains. Web3.0 in China is committed to serving complex business chains, social systems, and trade contracts above this vast economic and social fabric, and will necessarily emphasize token’s “non-monetary” and digital asset documentation attributes, avoiding being “abducted” by encrypted currency from its source. Web3.0更多的应用场景也必须接受一个事实，即现实社会的经济、商业和治理脱胎于业已形成的法律、规则和文化习俗，受现实世界的“中心化”规则制约。 Web3.0在现实社会与商业上的应用永远无法像加密货币世界那样彻底另起一套“去中心化”的规则——对于任何国家和地区都是如此。它必须祛了“去中心化”的魅，至少在一些层面接受“中心化”的参与，比如涉及法律、监管和指导性政策的方面。这也就意味着具备典型服务器节点中心化特性的“联盟链”，是一种更现实的选择。 Web3.0 applications in real societies and commerce can never be as “decentralized” as completely as in the world of crypto-currency – for any country or region. It must “decentralize” and at least accept “centralized” participation at some levels, for example in relation to legal, regulatory and guiding policies. This means that a “coalition chain” with a typical server node centrality is a more realistic option. 推动“联盟链”并不仅是适合“中国国情”的选择。在一个由核心节点掌握的“中心化”区块链网络上，用“去中心化”的分布式账本和加密散列，保障不同的经济主体之间的数字产权和商业价值不受侵犯，并形塑它们互相的契约关系——这理应是Web3.0和区块链技术真正大规模应用于全世界、全人类现实社会经济商业运转的“中国方案”。 在中国，腾讯、阿里巴巴（蚂蚁集团）、百度和京东等都构建了自己的联盟链，从内容版权、股权、保险、债券、供应链金融、税务、司法、商品防伪溯源、物流运输和生态保护等方面提供了“上链”服务。BSN与长安链等国有企业、智库和政府机构发起成立的联盟链也陆续建立，除了用于商业和政务场景，还致力解决区块链底层公用基础设施和知识产权的自主可控问题。 In China, Tseng, Alibaba (the Ants Group), Pedu and Kyung-dong have all built their own chains of alliance, providing “uplink” services in content copyrights, equity, insurance, bonds, supply chain finance, taxation, justice, commodity backtracking, logistics transport, and ecological protection. In addition to commercial and political landscapes, BSN and other business, think tanks and government agencies in countries such as Chang's chain of companies, think tanks, and government agencies have been set up to address the autonomous control of public infrastructure and intellectual property rights at the bottom of the chain. 中国互联网巨头从来不甘心在新的技术浪潮面前失语，比如腾讯，就是一家成功地跨越了Web1.0和Web2.0两个周期的公司。现在，它与阿里巴巴和京东等一起，试图继续扮演Web3.0在中国的话事人。然而这并不是Web3.0革命发生在中国的标志。 China’s Internet giants have never hesitated to speak out in the face of new technological waves, such as evangelism, a company that has succeeded in crossing the web 1.0 and Web 2.0 cycles. Now, together with Ali Baba and Kyung-dong, it is trying to continue playing Web3.0 in China. This is not, however, a sign that the Web3.0 Revolution took place in China. Web3.0革命发生在中国，意味着在这片土地上将诞生下一代真正改变人们的生活、商业和交易方式，并进而改变世界的公司；而不是让腾讯、阿里巴巴和字节跳动们日复一日地巩固着它们的辉煌。 The revolution of Web3.0 took place in China, meaning that the next generation will be born in this land that will truly change the way people live, trade and trade, and thus change the world's companies 
听上去是不是过于乐观了？让我们回到2005年，王兴被迫把“中国的Facebook”校内网卖给千橡集团的时候，他能想象美团在12年后成为中国市值排名前三的科技巨头么？我们再回到2011年，微信诞生并迅速成为国民级社交网络和生活网络之后，它能预料若干年后今日头条和抖音对它的挑战么？创立在中国的字节跳动，是在Web2.0的概念问世的第十五年，才成为全球首屈一指的社交媒体公司的。
Does it sound too optimistic? When Wang Hsing was forced to sell “China’s Facebook” to the Kiko Group in 2005, could he imagine that the US Corps would be the top three technology giants in China’s market value after 12 years? Can we expect today’s headlines and tremors to challenge it in a number of years, after we were born in 2011 and quickly became a national social network and life network?
不妨从几个领域，想象一下Web3.0在中国落地、生根和生长的方式：
Imagine how Web3.0 will land, take root and grow in China in a number of areas:
1.基于版权的数字内容——
Copyright-based digital content -
近年来，基于中国传统文化价值体系的数字内容在互联网平台喷薄而生，它们以舞台剧、音乐、影视作品、文创产品、艺术品收藏等多元的形式存在着，既彰显了文化自信，本身也蕴藏着巨大的商业价值。而这些以数字化形式创作或发布的作品，例如《千里江山图》里一件仿古版的宋代青绿色水袖常服、一曲新编钢琴版《敦煌》、一套莫高窟佛像盲盒、一枚欧莱雅与故宫联名定制的琥珀橘口红、一尊私人收藏的康熙年间蔡襄造桥神仙人物故事青花瓷笔筒、一架像素级复刻版的青铜曾侯乙编钟……它们都可以是区块链网络上的token，并通过发行“非同质化数字资产凭证”（NFT）的方式，向公众出售其数字版内容。这些作品的原始版权通过联盟链得到了确认，作为交易的基础。
In recent years, digital content based on China’s traditional cultural values has been sprayed on Internet platforms, and they exist in diverse forms, such as theatres, music, visual works, creative products, and art collections, both of cultural self-confidence and of great commercial value. These works, which were created or published in digital form, such as an ancient version of the Chili River Hills, an ancient version of the Song Green Water Sleeve, a new version of the piano, a Mogo Caves blind box, an amber orange lipstick customed by the Olya and the family palace, a Chinese pen cartridge for a private collection of Que Que, a porcelain bell in a pixel-grade recoup, etc. The original copyrights of these works have been confirmed as the basis for the trade through the Alliance’s chain. They can all be tooken on a regional chain network, and their digital content has been sold to the public through the distribution of a “non-congential digital asset certificate” (NFT).
其它的数字内容也可以化身为token进行NFT发行。我们是不是已经对腾讯音乐和网易云音乐关于某一张音乐专辑的版权口水战感到厌倦了？如果音乐作品从一开始的版权就能通过区块链追溯，再以NFT的方式发行呢？如果小说的出版和影视剧改编可以全程“上链”确定版权归属，再以智能合约自动执行版权分成和作品发行的话，数字内容的创作和发行将成为一件成本更低、交易更方便和各方收益更大的事，而这正是数字内容繁荣的基础。普通的用户也可以用购买NFT的方式消费新的内容——当然，它会挑战当前视频网站的会员模式，毕竟你不会再为了一部剧购买一整年的网站会员了。
Other digital content can also be used as token for NFT distribution. Are we tired of playing music and web-yun music for a music album? What if copyrights from the beginning can be traced through blocks and released in the NFT way? If publishing and video drama adaptations of novels can be “uplinked” to determine copyright attribution and then automatically implement copyright sharing and production under smart contracts, the creation and distribution of digital content of `strung' will become a less costly, easier to trade and more profitable to all, which is the basis of a digital content boom. ordinary users can also consume new content by buying NFTs — of course, it will challenge the current video site membership model, and you will not buy a full year of website membership for a play.
与当前发行在以太坊和Solana上的大量NFT不同，基于版权的数字内容发行终极目的是让更多人拥有值得被收藏的数字文化产品和内容，产生消费的价值，而并非制造新的金融衍生品。有谁真的相信已经炒到10万美元一张的“无聊猿”NFT漫画有什么悠久的收藏价值么？还是那10000只表情各异的古怪丑猴子是比梵高的向日葵更有价值的艺术收藏品？“非同质化”的丑猴子和虚拟石头其实只是“代币”的另一种形式，越是“非同质化”，发行的变种数量越多，加上名人购买背书，就越方便无休止的代币流通，也就仍然是一场资产收割的游戏。基于数字的版权内容发行和消费，在中国不能沦为代币发行游戏，也不能变成虚拟货币的二级市场交易沃土。
Unlike the large number of NFTs that are currently distributed in Tai Tai and Solana, copyright-based digital distribution is ultimately designed to give more people access to digital cultural products and content worth collection, generating value for consumption, rather than creating new financial derivatives. Does anyone really believe that 100,000 copies of NFT cartoons have a long-standing collection value?
它真正的价值在于将推动新一代数字内容平台的形成——无论是文字、影像还是音乐平台。它们让内容创作者（很多时候也是版权所有者）与内容消费者的距离前所未有地变近了。NFT的使用也让消费内容的过程更接近“零售”而不是购买会员。对广告投放者来说，Web3.0将带来一个此前意想不到的场景：当每一个“上链”的用户，其消费数字内容和浏览数字内容的行为轨迹，通过“身份加密”的保护得以被广告主直接追踪、获取和分析，就事实上等于开放了“算法”。那些将用户的行为轨迹制作成“算法黑箱”，再变成广告利器的Web2.0社交媒体就会失去它们的水晶球。它带来的不仅是更独立的用户，也是更独立决策投放去向的广告主。
The real value of this is that it will drive the formation of a new generation of digital content platforms — be they text, video or music platforms. They bring content creators (and, in many cases, copyright owners) closer to content consumers than ever before. NFT use also brings consumer content closer to “retail” rather than to purchasing members. For advertisers, Web3.0 will bring an unexpected scenario: when every user of the “uplink” whose consumer digital content and the behaviour trajectory of browse digital content is tracked, captured and analysed directly by the advertising owner through the protection of “identity encryption”, it is actually open to algorithms. Those Web 2.0 social media that turn user behaviour tracks into “calculation black boxes” and then advertising machines will lose their crystal ball.
2. 智能合约推动的“万物互联”——
2. Smart contract-driven “everything is connected” -
中国是一个“万物互联”普及度较高的国家，这得益于将互联网应用融入现实生活的实体经济推动的物联网发展。中国更是全球接入物联网设备数量最多的国家，有数亿之巨。智能手机、电脑、空调、新能源汽车、公路设施、智能电网……每一个设备都可以通过分布式网络，成为Web3.0区块链的计算“节点”。
China is a country with a high prevalence of “everything is connected” thanks to the growth of physical networking driven by the integration of Internet applications into real-life real economies. China is the country with the largest number of connectivity devices worldwide, with hundreds of millions of dollars.
可以想象这对于中国的商业的未来运行意味着什么：这些数量巨大的智能设备同时基于物联网和区块链网络。每一台设备就是一个token，它们基于物联网系统的互相连接关系，被基于区块链系统的“智能合约”自动触发彼此的指令，让运行在数亿计的智能设备之上的商业与交易不需要人为的干预和确认就可以运行。如果你相信Web3.0不仅是加密货币世界，而更是一个基于区块链网络的复杂商业链条、社会系统和交易契约的集合的话，那么便不难意识到：整个物联网都应该被架设在Web3.0的区块上。谁有着最发达的物联网基础设施，它便有机会创造更发达和更多场景应用的区块链网络，比如中国。
Imagine what this means for the future operation of Chinese businesses: , which is a huge amount of smart equipment based on a network of physical networks and blocks. Each device is a token 《纽约时报》专栏作家斯蒂芬·威廉姆斯（Steven.P. Williams）在《区块链浪潮》一书中描述过未来区块链应用于现实生活的场景：你坐着一辆形似日本饭团的未来电动汽车里，整个表面（包括环形挡风玻璃）都由高效太阳能板组成。太阳能板将电能存入汽车底部的电池，电池上有块导电片，上面附有一块与区块链无线连接的智能电表。开车任务主要由人工智能完成，遇到红灯停车时，汽车会自动将多余的电量无线传输至电网，而自动数字智能合约记录这一切。上传至电网的电量可以被其它的车主买走，汽车可能会穿行在无数电网上，而所有电量的购入购出和交易转账都由智能合约处理，让电量流通起来。当太阳能板停止工作或风力低时，电网的数字代理商会要求汽车释放存储在电池中的电能，以补充整体电力供应。同时，智能可约可以确保车内的电能余额，让车不至于瘫掉。 The New York Times columnist Stephen P. Williams described the scene of future block chains being applied to real life in a book called The Block Chain Wave: you sit in a future electric car that looks like a Japanese restaurant, and the entire surface (including a circular windshield) is made up of high-efficiency solar panels. Solar panels place electricity in a battery at the bottom of the car, with an electrical guideboard attached to the battery with a smart meter connected to the block chain. When a red light stops, the car automatically transmits excess power wirelesss to the grid, which is recorded by an automated digital smart contract. The electricity that has been transferred to the grid can be purchased by other owners, the cars may travel through numerous electrical networks, while all electricity purchases and trade transfers are handled by smart contracts, allowing power to flow. 感受过特斯拉充电和自动驾驶功能的人对上述的情境不会完全陌生，尽管它还是超前了点。可是，难道这一幕一定会率先在美国发生，而不是在中国么？要知道，中国才是世界上最大的新能源汽车生产国和消费国，中国也是世界上少有的不遗余力推动清洁能源大规模多场景商用的国家，中国还拥有全球最庞大和统一管理的电网，而中国还在探索高速公路与汽车的“车路协同”……当这一切有机的商业行为和公共治理举措，都可以基于Web3.0的区块网络基础运行的时候，你还会怀疑Web3.0的革命不会在中国发生么？当新能源汽车成为了区块链的一部分，智能电表和太阳能面板都Web3.0化的时候，谁能否认这是一个新世界呢？ Those who have experienced Tesla charging and autopilot functions will not be completely unfamiliar with the situation described above, although it is still a bit ahead of schedule. 在中国，能同时接入物联网和区块链的设备不只有智能汽车和智能电网，还有数不胜数的电视机、台灯、空调、工业机器人、智能工厂生产线、仓储和物流基地……它们都是一个个token，而这些参差多态的token背后，是商业物种和商业形态的跃迁。你甚至可以认为，关于token金融化和token物联化，很可能就是中美在Web3.0发展道路上的本质区别之一。 In China, there are not only smart cars and smart power grids, but also numerous televisions, lamps, air conditioning, industrial robotics, smart factory production lines, storage and logistics bases that can be connected simultaneously to the network of objects and block chains... They are one token, and behind these diverse tokens is a leap in commercial species and patterns. 3.产生实际价值的“X to earn”—— 3. “X to earn” of real value - 即使没有Web3.0出现，“X to earn”作为一种商业形态在中国也已有生长的土壤，比如“蚂蚁森林”：人们使用支付宝刷公交卡、支付家用水电气费、医院挂号、购买图书门票等低碳行为均可以减少相应的碳排放，从而获得虚拟“绿色能量”，使用该能量能累计达到一定值，用户就可以在支付宝上虚拟种树，相应地，蚂蚁集团就可以与合作伙伴一起，为每一棵支付宝上的虚拟树种下一棵真实的树。而支付宝中的树苗，又必须靠“绿色能量”浇灌成长。 Even without Web3.0, “X to income” has grown in China as a commercial form, such as the “ant forest” where people use low-carbon behaviour such as paying their BP cards, paying for household water and electricity, hospital boarding, buying book tickets to reduce their carbon emissions and thus acquire virtual “green energy” that can accumulate to a certain value, so that users can plant virtual trees on their treasures and, accordingly, ants can work with their partners to produce the next real tree on each of the BPs. Payment of seedlings in the treasures has to be supported by “green energy.” 蚂蚁森林有着“X to earn”的元素，因为用户的低碳行为积累的“绿色能量”其实就是一枚枚的token，理论上也可以被用来兑换相应的支付宝返券、花呗和小额贷款权益。“绿色能量”种下的树形成森林，变成了森林公园，公园出售的门票和露营收益可以有一部分返还给贡献“能量”的用户。而蚂蚁集团本身也搭建自己的联盟区块链——“蚂蚁链”。它与StepN“跑步赚钱”本质的不同是，“绿色能量”是必须通过用户切实的低碳行为获取的，且无法被用来进行金融交易。而StepN本质上是加密货币的再发行，用户甚至不需要“跑步”，只要买卖装备吸引“下家”，就可以收割后来者的钱。 The ants forest has the “X to earn” element, because the “green energy” accumulated by the user's low-carbon behavior is actually a token 这一模式可用来在中国改造很多领域的商业和社会活动，比如“看病赚钱”（Treatment to earn）：中国是一个医疗资源不充分不均衡的国度，也包含医疗病例样本资源的不均衡；而中国的医疗保险体系尚不足以支付人们所有的医疗行为。试想一下，如果一个患者允许自己的病历被医疗机构和医科院所以合法方式获得，作为科研和资源分享案例，他/她可以就因此获得医疗费用的减免，任何用到相关病历的医院，甚至新的患者需为这些病历数据“买单”，相关行为接入医保体系。整个过程在区块链网络上被“智能合约”客观、不可逆且不可篡改地记录和推进执行的话，那么获益的显然并不只是一方。它也能重塑诸多线上医疗平台，甚至让“水滴筹”和“轻松筹”这样的平台也有了完全不一样的运行规则和方式。 还比如开车赚钱（Drive to earn）。尽管滴滴和Uber已经帮助司机实现了这一点，然而它们本身是高度数据和运营中心化的机构，发挥撮合交易与维护司乘双方信任的作用，也提供了让不少消费者心生疑窦的算法。可以想象一下，如果网约车服务变成“上链”的Dapp是怎样的场景：任何一辆符合上路标准（司机和车牌资质符合政府要求）的车可以直接找到需要它的乘客，不再需要需中介平台派单；因为区块链可以实现算法的透明化，滴滴和Uber的动态加价几乎没有操作的空间。司机甚至可以动态自主定价（在政府规定的定价区间内，这一点同样需要区块链机制保证）。平台只需要收取非常少的佣金比例，同样它也不再需要雇佣那么多人。如果是一辆自动驾驶的电动汽车的话，它甚至可以自己出去赚钱，并通过智能合约自己实现电能的采购和出售。 这一切并非乌托邦，很多15年前被视作乌托邦的场景今天都变成了现实。这些产生具体价值并带来新商业模式的“X to earn”未来互联网商业，理应比StepN的跑步赚钱更接近人们的现实。?既然美国和新加坡的Web3.0革命者忙着发行和交易加密货币，而类似的商业形态在中国又有现实土壤和苗头的话，那么不妨让它们先在中国发生。 All of this is not utopian, and many of the scenes that were seen as utopian 15 years ago have become reality today. These future Internet businesses, “X to earn” with concrete value and new business models, should be closer to people’s reality than Stepn’s running. 4. Web3.0底层技术和基础设施—— 可以想象，如果Web3.0将承载人类有意义的商业和社会行为，并以区块链特有的“智能合约”将它们形成技术约束的契约关系的话，它将创造多么令人吃惊的庞大的数据量。Web2.0时代，社交网络和移动互联网的全球爆发创造的海量数据，已经带动了全球数据存储的深刻变革，无论是亚马逊云AWS、微软云Azure、谷歌云Google Cloud还是中国的阿里云、腾讯云和华为云，都是这一次互联网深刻变革的产物。 It is conceivable that Web3.0 would create an amazing amount of data if it were to carry out meaningful business and social behaviour and form a contractual relationship of technological restraint with “smart contracts” unique to the chain of blocks. In the Web 2.0 era, big data created by the global eruptions of social networks and mobile Internet have led to profound changes in global data storage, whether it be the Amazon cloud AWS, the Microsoft cloud Azure, Google Google Cloud, or the Asian cloud in China. 在中国，如果“万物生长”的物联网系统嫁接在区块链网络上，创造人与物、物与物的基于契约经济的商业连接的话，它势必需要一次数据存储技术的底层重构，用以降低超级海量存储数据的成本，适配“分布式网络”，减少新变革者对亚马逊、微软、谷歌等传统数据中心的依赖。这就是“去中心化”的数据存储被提上日程的原因。 In China, if the All-Grown Network system were to be attached to a block-chain network to create a contractual-based commercial connection between people and goods and goods, it would necessarily need a bottom-up re-engineering of data-storage technology to reduce the cost of super-water storage data, fit into a “distributive network” and reduce the dependence of new changers on traditional data centres such as Amazon, Microsoft, Google. is the reason why data storage is “decentralized” on the agenda. 目前世界上已有一些去中心化数据存储的创业公司，比如Arweave、Firecoin、Safe Network、Sia和Utopiad等，谷歌也在努力推动分布式存储技术的升级。值得一提的是在中国，蚂蚁集团2020年6月推出的Oceanbase是分布式数据库领域不可忽视的玩家。 Google is also working to upgrade distributed storage technology. It is worth mentioning that in China, Oceanbase, launched by the Ants Group in June 2020, is an inescapable player in distributed databases. 这也意味着至少在早期阶段，技术上“去中心化”的分布式数据库仍是一个技术驱动型创业团队值得探究的关键领域。这也是Web3.0全球最激进的鼓吹者之一、风险投资机构a16z相当热衷投资的赛道。就像云计算架构一样，去中心化数据基础架构也是涉及核心关键技术与自主知识产权的领域。中国需要自主可控的去中心化数据存储技术和服务，以支持在中国的区块链和Web3.0生态上构建更为复杂、庞大的商业和社会契约运行系统。你很难想象一个支持中国生产供应链体系的重要数据、产权凭证、交易和智能合约的体系在一个搭建在海外的分布式数据存储架构上运行，而这也意味着新一代技术驱动型公司的商业机会。 As with cloud computing, decentralised data infrastructure is also an area of core key technology and autonomous intellectual property rights. 以及，“链上安全”势必成为网络安全的新课题。鉴于Web3.0承载的数据比以往任何一代万维网都更接近人类经济与商业行为的本质，例如金融、保险、游戏、能源和房产等契约交易，关于其安全性的争议、疑窦和充满犯罪快感的尝试就不可能终止。仅以最被全世界加密货币开发者信赖的以太坊为例，其智能合约安全漏洞的频繁爆发已造成数十万亿美元资产的损失，这对于可能深度融入实体经济和现实世界生活的中国Web3.0的未来是不可能接受的事。因此，围绕区块链与智能合约的数据安全、漏洞机制、权限入侵等一系列关键环节的“新网络安全”也将成为下一代技术驱动型公司的新机会。通常而言，区块链网络应用场景越丰富，发展越成熟，“链上安全”也就相应地会成为更大的市场。 Given that Web3.0 carries data closer to the nature of human economic and commercial behaviour than any other generation of web-based transactions, such as finance, insurance, games, energy, and real estate, attempts at security disputes, doubt, and a sense of criminal pleasure cannot be stopped. The “new network security” around a series of key links, such as block chains and smart contracts, loopholes, and access invasions, will also be a new opportunity for the next generation of technology-driven companies. 尽管“联盟链”正在成为中国倡导的搭建下一代互联网的操作系统级设施，甚至有望成为全世界接入更多实体经济与商业运行的区块链网络的主流配置，我们仍无法忽视“公链”上仍然累积了一些有价值的金融场景和应用场景，公链与联盟链的“互联互通”就成一个关键。通过公链获取更多的用户，吸引更多的开发者，创造更多的商业模式和应用场景，也是联盟链必须考虑的问题。而提供联盟链与公链基于信任与安全机制的互联互通，平衡隐私与监管的底层解决方案，很可能成为重要的底层技术创业方向，也是中国的Web3.0下一代公司走向全球化，向世界提供Web3.0“中国方案”的一个入口。 While the Alliance Chain is becoming a Chinese-sponsored operating system-level facility for the next generation of the Internet, and hopefully even the mainstream configuration of a network of block chains with greater access to the real economy and business operations around the world, we cannot ignore that there are still valuable financial and application scenes on the Public Chain, and that “connectivity” between the Public Chain and the Alliance Chain is a key factor. By attracting more users through the Public Chain, attracting more developers, creating more business models and applications, it is also an issue that must be considered in the Alliance's chain. 以上，只是Web3.0与中国未来的经济、社会和商业“有关”的一些想象，它们不可能是全部。 These are just some of the assumptions of Web3.0 that are “relevant” to China's future economy, society and commerce, and they cannot be all. 结语
从“信息互联网”的Web1.0，到“身份互联网”的Web2.0，再到“契约互联网”的Web3.0，观察世界互联网30多年的演进，我们无法否认一个事实：中国与美国的互联网，在Web2.0时期开始逐渐分野，走向了两种不同的发展路径。它无所谓优劣之分，甚至无关价值观。
From Web1.0 on the Information Internet, to Web 2.0 on the Identity Internet, to Web 3.0 on the Compact Internet, to the evolution of the world Internet over more than 30 years, we cannot deny the fact that the Internet in China and the United States began to divide gradually between China and the United States during Web 2.0, leading to two different paths of development.
美国是一个内容文化产业与金融产业高度发达的国家，这也决定了它的互联网技术革命通常率先在这两个领域产生颠覆性的突破。早在20多年前的Web1.0时代，雅虎和美国在线诞生之后不久即出现了谷歌和奈飞（Netflix），与此同时诞生的就是PayPal——令彼时美国银行业不安的存在。到了Web2.0时期，Facebook和Twitter成为美国价值观全球输出的利器，Stripe和Wealthfront等基于企业和个人身份的金融工具应运而生了。因此我们也就不难理解，为什么当比特币以区块链网络和日后的Web3.0诞生之后，它与它的无数效仿者会在美国旧金山、纽约、奥斯汀和迈阿密等地无所顾忌地生长出来——金融业的高度发达，是金融及其衍生品创新在美国野蛮生长的关键。
As early as 20 years ago, in the Web 1.0 era, Yahoo and the United States came into existence shortly after the birth of Netflix, while at the same time it was born of PayPal, a disturbing presence in American banking. By the time of Web 2.0, Facebook and Twitter had become the enablers of America’s global exports of values, and financial instruments based on business and personal identities, such as Strope and Wealthfront, had emerged.
在中国，Web1.0是一个相对乏善可陈的阶段。进入Web2.0的历史周期，中国诞生了微信和TikTok这种或深刻改变全球社交网络秩序，或有力影响全球社交网络产品形态的产品，然而更重要的一个趋势是：中国的互联网开始深度融入其自身甚至是全球实体经济与贸易的进程。它催生了全球最发达的主干物流网络、最便捷的城市生活应用、最灵活的消费信贷模型，接入数量最多的物联网智能设备，以及相对发达的高度信息化的制造业。某种程度来说，它是在补中国过去经济社会发展不充分和不均衡的“课”，但它确实带来了更强大的中国数字经济。而金融，只是其中扮演支持性角色的一部分。
Web1.0 is a relatively modest phase in China.
站在这个角度，我们也应该不难理解：为什么Web3.0的革命一定会发生在中国，而且以完全不一样的形式发生在中国。它不是一场金融衍生品的去中心化实践，而是一场应用“去中心化”的区块链技术，深度形塑“契约经济学”带来的实体经济、生产制造、商业交易和社会治理变革的实践。金融会在其中发生作用，金融技术也会发生变革，但那不是事情的全部。
From this point of view, we should also understand why the revolution of Web3.0 must have taken place in China, and in a completely different form. It is not a decentralizing exercise for financial derivatives, but rather an application of “decentralized” block-chain technology that deeply shapes the transformation of the real economy, production, commercial transactions, and social governance brought about by “contractual economics.” Finance works in it, and financial technology changes in it, but it's not everything.
让它们搞它们的Web3.0革命，我们搞我们的Web3.0革命。看看谁搞得更快一些，更能形塑一个更好的未来世界。
Let them do their Web3.0 revolution, we do our Web3.0 revolution. Let's see who makes it faster and better shapes a better future world.
文章来源：品玩?骆轶航
Source of articles: Play with?
文章原标题：万字长文｜为什么Web3.0革命必将发生在中国？
The original title of the article: Why does the Web3.0 revolution have to take place in China?
图片来源网络
Image Source Network
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论