原标题：
2月6日，北京市互联网金融行业协会发布公告称，随着各国政府加强对“虚拟货币”、ICO、“虚拟数字资产”交易、“现金贷”领域的监管，部分境外机构存在被所在国政府强制取缔的风险。北京互金协会提示广大金融消费者，认清“虚拟货币”、ICO、“虚拟数字资产”交易等相关业务本质，增强金融风险防范意识。
尽管无数媒体已经对区块链、加密货币等词语进行过了无数次的科普、讲解、分析，但相关技术甚是复杂。以下我们举几个“可能有失精确度”的例子，希望对广大网友有所帮助。
Although countless media outlets have conducted numerous sessions of science, interpretation and analysis of block chains, encrypted currency, etc., the technology is very complex. The following are some of our examples:
区块链≠加密货币 也许它好比印钞票的模板
我们近期总是会听到区块链、区块链的，区块链就等于加密货币吗？当然不是，我们下面开始举例子。
We'll hear the chain of blocks and blocks in the near future. Does the chain of blocks amount to an encrypted currency? Of course not. Let's start with an example.
先问大家下图中出现的事物是什么：
Let's start by asking what's happening in the following picture:
对，钱。紫色500欧元大钞，我们大家都喜欢的东西。
Yeah, money. Purple 500 Euros, something we all like.
我们现在希望大家暂时抛开所有财经方面的常识，钞票本身最基础的成分是什么呢？
Now we hope that you will for the time being put aside all the common sense of the economy. What is the most basic ingredient of the money itself?
这个问题其实年纪越小的人回答得越快——纸。是的，钞票票面上的花纹，这里那里的技术，种种防伪重重细节，钞票可以说是一堆严格按照统一规制而加密过的纸。
The sooner the younger they answer the question, the sooner & mdash; & mdash; paper . Yes, the stripes on the face of the banknotes, the techniques here, the details of the hypocrisy, the banknotes can be described as a pile of paper that is strictly encrypted in accordance with uniform regulations.
这种加密会让发行货币的中央银行能够清晰知道市场上流通的货币量有多少，也可以保证人们在进行现金交易时可以用统一的规制去验证自己手上的货币，确认“嗯这是真钱不是白纸。”
This encryption will enable the issuing central bank to have a clear idea of the amount of money in circulation on the market, and it will also guarantee that people can verify their currencies by applying uniform rules for cash transactions, confirming “ well, it is not paper.
区块链作为比特币的基础技术，其第一步就是要设计一套严整的加密系统，后者会让一张虚拟的纸具备货币的其中一个特征：交易是开放的，这货币长什么样也都是知道的，但怎么随随便便自己造出来却很难。
As a basic bitcoin technology, the first step in block chains is to design a rigorous encryption system that gives a virtual piece of paper one of the characteristics of a currency: the deal is open and the money is known to be whatever it looks like, but it is difficult to create it on its own.
我们举一个不精准但比较形象的例子：这种加密就好比是印制钞票的模板一样。
Let us give an example of an inaccurate but comparative image: this encryption is like a template for printing banknotes.
区块链绝不止加密，它还是账本
加密很重要，但仅仅是万里长征第一步。想要做到将一张纸加密，还要让大家都看清楚什么样，信息还要高度透明，做到上述三点有多难呢？ Encryption is important, but it's only the first step of a long journey. How hard is it to encrypt a piece of paper, to show everyone what it is, and to be highly transparent? 不是吹牛，笔者现在立刻马上用2秒钟给大家看看什么叫现场加密： I'm not bluffing. I'll show you two seconds of live encryption right now:
加密完了，就这么霸气。 笔者在东经116°，北纬40°，北京市某条街、某个写字楼、这个时间、这个湿度、温度、落笔力度、书法进阶程度在这张被主编毙掉的废稿子背面写下的“100元”。 The author is at 116 & deg longitude; 40 & deg longitude north; a street in Beijing city, a writing building, this time, this humidity, temperature, pen strength, degree of progress in the book law, written on the back of this scrap written by the editor-in-chief & & ldquao; 100 & rdquao; 从很多方面的角度来讲，这张纸几乎已经是独一无二，只要照着这个纸张进行纯物理的扫描和复制，笔者就用自己的“神之手”创造了“加密货币”。 In many ways, this piece of paper is almost unique, and as long as it is scanned and copied in pure physical terms, the author uses his & ldquao; the hand of God & rdquao; created & & ldquao; encrypted currency & & rdquao; 但我要是一会去大厦2楼吃盖浇饭，结账时拿出这张“一百块”还恬不知耻地跟服务员说“找钱”，大家觉得合适么？ But if I go to the 2nd floor of the building and get this & ldquao; $100 & rdquao; and tell the waiter & & ldquao; looking for money & & rdquao; do you think it's a good idea? 嗯，结果不难想象。 由此我们就要说区块链的第二个重点功能，就是分布式记账。分布式记账这个词可能听起来太拗口了，此处再给大家举个例子解释一下。 So let's say that the second key function of the block chain is distributional bookkeeping. The word distributional bookkeeping may sound too harsh, and here's another example. 比如说，总是穿着奇装异服做好事的布鲁斯韦恩给了他同样爱穿奇装异服做好事的儿子达米安韦恩一百块零花钱。这就相当于，布鲁斯的资产减少了100元，而达米安的资产增加了100元。如下图： For example, Bruce Wayne, who always wears a strange suit to do good, gave his son Damien Wayne a hundred cents of pocket money to do good in a strange suit. This is equivalent to a 100-dollar reduction in Bruce's assets, and a 100-dollar increase in Damian's assets. The following figure: 但是，如果布鲁斯拿着笔者用“神之手”创造的“虚拟货币100元”交给了达米安，情况是什么样呢？—— But what if Bruce had the pen with & ldquao; the hand of God with & & rdquao; the creation of & & & & & & & & & & & 100 in the virtual currency; and the delivery to Damian? & mdash; & mdash; & mdash; “+-100”的数字没有了，儿子就懵了，他认为老爹拿了张破纸糊弄他。 & & ldquo; +-100” without the numbers, the son was stunned, and he believed that his father had taken a piece of paper against him. 分布式记账，内容很复杂，没个几千字讲不清楚原理，但效果是很明确的：——就是让笔者胡写的这一张纸能实现“+100”。只不过“100”指的不是任何真实货币，而是笔者随便胡写的A4纸。 Distributed bookkeeping, which is complicated by the fact that no thousand words are clear about the principle, has a clear effect: — — & ldquao; +100&rdquao; & & ldquao; just &ldquao; 100&rdquao; it refers not to any real currency, but to A4 which the pen writes. 分布式记账技术就解决了这个问题，这“+100”和“-100”实际上就相当于是一种默默存在于交易双方之间的记账，而区块链的分布式记账将这种记账形式数字化了，与银行卡的支取记录有些类似。 This problem is solved by distributed bookkeeping techniques such as , &ldquao; +100&rdquao; and &ldquao; and —100&rdquao; which actually amounts to a silent record between the parties to the transaction, , which is digitized by the distributional account of the block chain, which is somewhat similar to the take-back record of the bank card. 此外，如比特币一般的“加密货币”，其存在于网络上的数量是恒定的（在加密算法仍然安全，且无发布者使坏的情况下），分布式记账使得这段代码真正成为了一种产品。 In addition, as in bitcoin &ldquao; encrypt currency & rdquao; where the number of items present on the network is constant (where encryption algorithms are still secure and no publisher spoils), distributed billing makes the code a product. 这与真正的货币区别在于，真货币之所以可以实现有效交易，因其本质是所有者与市场进行交换的一种契约，契约的有效性来源于各国央行的信用和政策支撑，它反映的是个体与社会的经济协作关系，成为交易、储藏的记账单位。 The difference between this and the real currency is that the real currency can be effectively traded because, by its very nature, it is a contract of exchange between the owner and the market, the validity of which derives from the credit and policy support of the central banks, and it reflects the economic partnership between the individual and the society as the unit of account for the transaction and the storage. 而通过“加密货币”则是反过来了，通过技术手段实现了记账的确实，在这个纯技术的过程中，让人们发现了竟然倒过来“解决了信用的问题”。（注意：这句话打了引号，因为这正是当前这个话题争议的关键点。稍后再进一步解释。） And by “ encrypt currency & & rdquao; and, in turn, by technical means, it is true that, in the course of this pure technology, people discover that & & & & & & & & & & ; solves the credit problem & & & &. (Note: this quotes, because this is the key point of the current controversy.) 也就是说，今天这段“代码货币”可能号称价值“10的N次方”，没准哪一天就成了“1的N次方”。最后到底谁“方”了…… That is, today's & & ldquo; code currency & & rdquo; presumably & & & ldquao; & & & rdquao; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ; ; & & ; 一开始，ICO并不等于“圈钱”，更像“集赞式打赏” at first, ICO is not equal to &ldquao; &rdquao; more like &ldquao; &rdquao; &rdquao; 上文我们已经大概介绍了“加密货币”是个什么样的东西，但这些“币”是如何投放出去并且吸引他人去“挣钱”的呢？这就需要ICO。 We have already described & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; what is it, but these & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & ; & & & & & ; & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; ; ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; & & ; & & & & & & ; & & &???????????? & &?? &?????????????????? & & &? & & &? & & & & & & & & & & & & ICO（Initial Coin Offering），缩写和股市的IPO就差一个字母，首次币发行，是区块链项目首次发行代币，募集“加密货币”的行为。在前一阵火爆的代币发行热潮中，一步一步被奇怪的人们给扭曲成了融资途径，甚至成了“圈钱”。 The ICO (Initial Coin Offering), whose acronym and stock market IPO is one letter short, the first currency to be issued, is the first time that the block chain project has issued a token for the collection of “ encrypted currency & rdquao; behaviour. In the heat of the previous fire, one step by one was distorted into a way of financing, even & & ldquao; circle money & rdquao; ICO的初衷，其实并不在于“发行”，而是一种“开源奖励”。用更形象一些的话来讲，类似于“打赏”。 The original purpose of the ICO is not to &ldquao; issue & rdquao; but to be a & & & & rdquao; open source reward & rdquao; in more visual terms, like & & ldquao; reward & rdquao; . 如果没有监管的组织，ICO的过程有多复杂？我们继续举些可能不太精准的例子： How complicated is the ICO process without a regulated organization? Let's continue with some perhaps less precise examples: 看，我“ICO”了。 假设把我的行文、纸张、位置等乱七八糟的数据拼接起来，形成了一段非常糟糕但却能满足大众眼中“区块链”的特点，公布了上述奇葩数据和计算方式，以及这张纸背面到底写的什么破稿子告诉大家。我就等于把这“100元”实现了开源（代码公开）。 Let's assume that I put together a very bad piece of paper, paper, location, etc., which meets the public's perception of &ldquao; the block chain & & rdquao; the features of which are published, as well as some of the eccentric data and calculations, and what is actually written on the back of this paper. I'm going to put this & & ldquao; $100 & rdqua; and the open source (code open). 每一种代币都是一套代码，这种代码上文我们已经提到了是高度透明，除了个人交易信息之外几乎一览无遗的加密套索。但创造这种代码的人一旦公开了自己的秘密，就等于把知识产权的核心都交给了大家，自己啥好处也没有。 Each of these tokens is a code, which we have already mentioned above is highly transparent, with almost complete encryption over and over, except for personal transactional information. But once the code is made public, the person who created it gives everyone the heart of the intellectual property right, with no benefit. 人类的奖励机制目前来看无非两种，名与利。利给起来很麻烦，先给名吧。 There are two kinds of incentives for humans: fame and profit. It's a lot of trouble. Let's give it a name. 上图中，除了一些不靠谱的人给我留言外，有一位我都记不得哪里加了好友的好友给我点赞了。如果我在把图片的右下角加一个“扫码打赏”，就和一开始的ICO更像了。 In the above figure, I can't remember where one of my best friends gave me a compliment, except for someone who didn't know how to leave a message. If I put an & ldquao on the lower right corner of the picture; a sweep code & & rdquao; it's more like the ICO from the beginning. 是的，ICO一开始实际上是一种对代码开发者的奖励机制，开源意味着将自己的知识财富与世人共享，为算法整体的进步作出了共享。也好比老师奖励的小红花。 Yes, the ICO began as a reward mechanism for code developers, and open source means sharing the wealth of their knowledge with the world, sharing the progress of algorithms as a whole. It's like a small saffron that teachers reward. 但是这种“集赞”式的“打赏”，稍微一经变化就会演变成为“融资”，并且将打赏获得的代币作为类似股票、债券甚至是真实货币的东西，号称“这永远是你的”……但具体以后能值多少钱就不知道了。 But this & & & & rdquao; & & & rdquao; & & & rdquao; & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; ; < < / st >, , <, < < / st >,, <,, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & >,,,,,,, @ @,,, @ @, @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 根据上述例子，总结几个“加密货币”的风险 summarizes several & ldquao; encrypt currency & rdquao; risks based on the above examples 1、我们不知道这代码安不安全 就像仅仅通过这表面上的“100元”并不能看出票面价值一样，我用2秒钟写的“代码”，其加密能力是否能够满足保证唯一性、保证私密性、保证交易有效性等等最基础也是最关键的安全保障，这是我们绝大多数人所不了解的。 Just as I write & & & & & & & & Quo on this surface alone; I don't see face value, & & & & & & & & ; and whether its encryption capability meets the most fundamental safeguards of assurance, privacy, validity, etc., which most of us do not know. 事实上，黑客入侵虚拟币交易平台进行破坏活动已经是屡见不鲜。这种日趋常态化的攻击，代码质量良莠不齐是非常重要的原因之一。 In fact, hacking into virtual currency trading platforms for sabotage is already common. One of the most important reasons for this increasingly common attack is the poor quality of the code. 2、我们不知道发币者的真实动机是什么 We don't know the real motives of the sender. 账本、区块链、加密货币、ICO等等，都是不一样的东西。虽然我们已经做了上述事物的初衷为何。但就好比上图中的这张纸，纸是A4纸对折，拿纸的手指甲上有小太阳……但笔者是男是女？集赞的动机是什么？这张纸背面是不是写了骂人的话？写这字的我精神到底正不正常？对想要进行认购的人来说都是一个谜。 The books of accounts, block chains, encrypted currency, ICO, etc. are all different things. Although we have done all of these things for what they were meant to be. But it is like this piece of paper, A4-to-paper, which has a small sun on its fingernails & Hellip; & Hellip; but I am a man or a woman? What's the motive for the glorification? 3、目前大部分“加密货币”都不靠谱 高盛集团投资研究全球主管Steve Strongin在最新发布的报告中表示，在过去一个月里，虚拟货币市值蒸发了近5000亿美元，而情况可能会变得更糟，大多数虚拟货币不太可能以目前的形式存在，投资者应该做好这些货币失去所有价值的准备。 Steve Strongin, Global Manager of Investment Research of the Goldman Sachs Group, in his latest published report, stated that the market value of virtual currencies had evaporated over the past month to nearly $500 billion, and that the situation could get worse, that most virtual currencies were unlikely to exist in their current form, and that investors should be prepared to lose their value. ………… 风险多多、机遇难明。笔者自创“加密货币”只是个玩笑例子。 There are many risks and opportunities. I create & ldquao; encrypt currency & rdquao; it's just a joke. 区块链作为一种技术，能够服务的对象远不止“发币”一种。上述的举例描述中存在一些不够完善的地方，但我们希望大家能够理性看待技术，严肃认识制度。（黄博阳/文） Block chains, as a technology, can serve far more than &ldquao; coins & rdquao; one. There are imperfect features in the above-mentioned examples, but we want you to take a rational view of technology and take a serious view of the system.
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