区块链的基本原理包括三个基本概念:交易、区块和链
The rationale for the block chain includes three basic concepts: trading, blocks and chains.
交易指的是一次对账本的操作。导致账本状态的一次改变,如添加一条转账记录;区块指记录一段时间内发生的所有交易和状态结果,是对当前账本状态的共识;链是由区块按照发生的顺序串联而成,是整个账本状态变化的日志记录。如果把区块链作为一个运作状态的机器,则每次交易就是试图改变一次状态,而每次共识生成的区块,就是参与者对于区块中交易导致状态改变的结果进行确认。
The transaction refers to the operation of a reconciliation book. A change in the status of the account, such as the addition of a transfer record; blocks refer to the recording of all transactions and status results over a period of time, which is a common understanding of the current status of the account; the chain is a serial link between blocks in the order in which they occurred and is a log record of a change in the status of the entire account. If a block chain is used as a working machine, each transaction is an attempt to change the status, and each consensual block is a confirmation by the participants of the result of a change in the status of the transaction in the block.
在实现上,前提假设存在一个分布式的数据记录账本,这个账本只明罩允许添加、不允许删除。账本底层的基本架构是一个线性的链表,这也是其名字区块链的来源。链表有一个个区块串联而成,后继区块记录前导区块的哈希值(pre hash)。新的数链枣据要加入,必须放到一个新的区块中。而这个块(以及块里的交易)是否合法,可以通过计算哈希值的方式快速检验出来。任意维护节点都可以提议一个新的合法区块,然而经过一定的共识机制来对最终选择的区块达成一致。
In practical terms, the premise is that there is a distributed data record book, which only allows for additions and deletions. The basic structure at the bottom of the ledger is a linear chain table, which is the source of the chain of names. The chain table is made up of a block that records the pre-guided Hashi value. To add a new number of dates, it must be placed in a new block.
注释:哈希值(pre hash),是由计算机非常基础重要的哈希算法映射而成,它能将任意长度的二进制明文串映射为较短的二进制串值,不同的明文很难映射成相同的哈希值。
Comment: Pre hash, which is a map of the computer's very basic and important Hash algorithm that maps the specified binary string of any length into a shorter binary string, which is very difficult to map in different terms to the same Hashi value.
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