在学习比特币技术或者投资比特币资产过程中，会遇到很多的专业术语，例如：挖矿、确认、钱包等。
In learning bitcoin techniques or investing in bitcoin assets, many professional terms are encountered, such as mining, identification, wallets, etc.
《精通比特币》第二版提供了更为详细的专业术语解释，本文列出最常用的专业术语，提供了原版的英文术语和中文翻译及对应的解释说明。
A more detailed explanation of professional terms is provided in the second edition of Proficiency Bitcoin, which lists the most commonly used professional terms in the present document and provides the original English terminology and Chinese translation and corresponding explanatory notes.
- 地址（address）
A bitcoin address looks like 1DSrfJdB2AnWaFNgSbv3MZC2m74996JafV . It consists of a string of letters and numbers. It’s really an encoded base58check version of a public key 160-bit hash. Just like you ask others to send an email to your email address, you would ask others to send you bitcoin to one of your bitcoin addresses.
比特币地址（例如：1DSrfJdB2AnWaFNgSbv3MZC2m74996JafV）由一串字符和数字组成。它其实是通过对160位二进制公钥哈希值进行base58check编码后的信息。就像别人向你的email地址发送电子邮件一样，他可以通过你的比特币地址向你发送比特币。
The Bitcoin address (e.g. 1DSrfJdB2AnWafNgSbv3MZC2m74996JafV) consists of a string of characters and numbers. It is in fact a message that has been coded after Base58check by the 160 binary public key. As if someone sent an e-mail to your e-mail address, he can send bitcoin to you via your bitcoin address.
上文翻译中比较难理解的是比特币地址是通过对160位二进制公钥哈希值进行base58check编码后的信息，这句话解释了比特币地址是怎么来的。比特币地址是比特币钱包软件生成的，用户在使用钱包软件时，通常第一步就是创建钱包，创建钱包将生成比特币私钥，为方便记忆保管私钥通常以助记词格式呈现，通常为12个单词，私钥务必牢记并妥善保管，私钥通过单向加密处理生成公钥，公钥经过两次哈希函数处理，生成160位二进制公钥哈希值，再对公钥哈希值进行base58check编码，最终生成比特币地址。
What is more difficult to understand in the translation above is that the Bitcoin address is , which explains how the Bitcoin address is generated by the Bitcoin wallet software, which is the first step when users use wallet software to create wallets, which generate the Bitcoin private key, which is usually presented in the form of notes to keep the private key for memory convenience, usually in 12 words, 比特币地址类似于电子邮箱地址和银行卡账号，是可以公开的，通过比特币地址进行比特币资产的充值和提现。例如：在交易平台购买比特币，购买的比特币将充值到交易平台给你分配的比特币地址，之后你可以将比特币资产从交易平台提现到你的比特币钱包的比特币地址。 Bitcoin addresses, similar to e-mail addresses and bank card accounts, are publicly available, and the Bitcoin asset is charged and cashed through the Bitcoin address. For example, when bitcoins are purchased on the trading platform, the bitcoins purchased will be charged to the bitcoins address assigned to you on the trading platform, and then you can bring bitcoin assets from the trading platform to the bitcoin wallet address. The secret number that unlocks bitcoin sent to the corresponding address. A secret key looks like the following: 用来解锁比特币的一串字符，比特币锁定在对应的钱包地址上。例如5J76sF8L5jTtzE96r66Sf8cka9y44wdpJjMwCxR3tzLh3ibVPxh。 A string of characters used to unlock bitcoin, which is locked on the corresponding wallet address. For example, 5J76sF8L5jTtzE96r66Sf8cka9y44wdpJjMwCxR3tzLh3ibVPxh. 当你拥有了一笔比特币，实质是这笔比特币锁定在你的钱包的比特币地址上，证明你拥有这笔比特币的唯一条件就是你拥有比特币地址对应的私钥，因为只有私钥才能解锁这笔比特币，解锁比特币的过程实质就是花销比特币的过程，是钱包软件自动完成的。 When you have a bitcoin, the essence of which is that bitcoin is locked in your wallet's bitcoin address, the only condition that you have this bitcoin is that you have the private key corresponding to the bitcoin address, because only the private key can unlock the bitcoin, and the process of unlocking bitcoin is the process of spending bitcoin, which is automatically done by wallet software. 私钥和地址是两个最重要的概念，且是用户能看到并需要操作的两个概念。用户创建钱包过程中，首先生成私钥，用户需妥善保管私钥，然后生成比特币地址，通过比特币地址即可接收/发送比特币。 The name of the currency unit (the coin), the network, and the software. 比特币既可以指这种虚拟货币单位，也指比特币网络或者网络节点使用的比特币软件。 Bitcoin may refer to both this virtual currency unit and the bitcoin software used in the Bitcoin network or network node. 狭义角度，比特币是一种虚拟数字货币，也是这种虚拟数字货币的货币单位；广义角度，比特币是一个点对点的电子现金系统，比特币系统由比特币协议、比特币网络、比特币软件等组成。 In a narrow sense, Bitcoin is a virtual digital currency and a monetary unit for such a virtual digital currency; in a broad sense, Bitcoin is a point-to-point electronic cash system consisting of bitcoin protocols, bitcoin networks, bitcoin software, etc. A grouping of transactions, marked with a timestamp, and a fingerprint of the previous block. The block header is hashed to produce a proof of work, thereby validating the transactions. Valid blocks are added to the main blockchain by network consensus. 一个区块就是若干交易数据的集合，它会被标记上时间戳和之前一个区块的独特标记。区块头经过哈希运算后会生成一份工作量证明，从而验证区块中的交易。有效的区块经过全网络的共识后会被追加到主区块链中。 One block is a collection of several transaction data, which will be marked with a time stamp and a unique mark of the previous block. The head of the block, after Harshi's calculations, will generate a workload certificate that will validate the transactions in the block. Effective blocks, after a network-wide consensus, will be added to the main block chain. 比特币系统的所有交易记录（总账簿）是公开透明的，区块可以理解为总账簿中的每一页账簿，即一个区块就是一页账簿，每一页账簿中记录有若干交易数据，且标记有这一页账簿的生成时间，且记录有前一页账簿的独特标记。 All transactions in the Bitcoin system (the master ledger) are open and transparent, and blocks can be understood as each page of the ledger, that is, a block is a single page of the ledger, in which a number of transactional data are recorded, the timing of the generation of this page of the ledger is marked, and the record contains a unique mark of the previous page of the ledger. A list of validated blocks, each linking to its predecessor all the way to the genesis block. 区块链是一串通过验证的区块，当中的每一个区块都与上一个相连，一直连到创世区块。 The chain of blocks is a series of validated blocks, each of which is connected to the previous and connected to the original block. 区块链是公开透明的分布式账簿，每一个区块就是一页账簿，每一页账簿中记录有前一页账簿的数字指纹，通过数字指纹可连接到前一页账簿，一直连接到第一页账簿。 The block chain is an open and transparent distributed account book, each of which is a one-page account containing digital fingerprints from the previous account book, which can be connected to the previous account book through digital fingerprinting and up to the first account book. The first block in the blockchain, used to initialize the cryptocurrency. 创世区块指区块链上的第一个区块，用来初始化相应的加密货币。 Genesis blocks are the first blocks in the block chain to be used to initialize the corresponding encrypted currency. 区块链是公开透明的分布式账簿，创世区块就是总账簿的第一页账簿。 The block chain is an open and transparent book of accounts, and the original block is the first page of the ledger. Once a transaction is included in a block, it has one confirmation. As soon as another block is mined on the same blockchain, the transaction has two confirmations, and so on. Six or more confirmations is considered sufficient proof that a transaction cannot be reversed. 当一项交易被区块收录时，我们可以说它有一次确认。矿工们在此区块之后每再产生一个区块，此项交易的确认数就再加一。当确认数达到6及以上时，通常认为这笔交易比较安全并难以逆转。 When a transaction is recorded by a block, we can say that it has been confirmed once. Each time the miners produce a block after the block, the confirmation of the transaction is increased by one. When the confirmed number is six or more, the transaction is considered to be safe and difficult to reverse. A network-wide setting that controls how much computation is required to produce a proof of work. 整个网络会通过调整“难度”这个变量来控制生成工作量证明所需要的计算力。 The network as a whole controls the computing power required to generate workload certification by adjusting the variable “difficult”. A network-wide recalculation of the difficulty that occurs once every 2,016 blocks and considers the hashing power of the previous 2,016 blocks. 全网中每新增2016个区块，全网难度将重新计算，该新难度值将依据前2016个区块的哈希算力而定。 For each new 2016 blocks in the network, the full network difficulty will be recalculated and the new difficulty value will be based on the Hashi algorithm of the previous 2016 blocks. A difficulty at which all the computation in the network will find blocks approximately every 10 minutes. 使整个网络的计算力大致每10分钟产生一个区块所需要的难度数值即为难度目标。 The difficulty value required to generate a block approximately every 10 minutes of the computing power of the entire network is the difficulty target. The sender of a transaction often includes a fee to the network for processing the requested transaction. Most transactions require a minimum fee of 0.5 mBTC. 交易的发起者通常会向网络缴纳一笔矿工费，用以处理这笔交易。大多数的交易需要0.5毫比特币的矿工费。 Most transactions require a fee of 0.5 mbits. A digital fingerprint of some binary input. 二进制输入数据的一种数字指纹。 A digital fingerprint for binary input data. Know your customer (KYC) is the process of a business, identifying and verifying the identity of its clients. The term is also used to refer to the bank regulation which governs these activities. 充分了解你的客户（KYC，Know your customer）是一个商业过程，用于认证和验证顾客的身份信息。也指银行对这些活动的监管。 A full understanding of your customer (KYC, Know your customer) is a business process used to authenticate and authenticate customer identification information. 在区块链领域，不论是注册数字货币交易所，还是注册其它基于区块链技术的应用平台，通常都需要进行KYC认证。 In the area of block chains, KYC certification is usually required, both for the registration of digital currency exchanges and for the registration of other application platforms based on block chain technologies. A network node that finds valid proof of work for new blocks, by repeated hashing. 一个为新区块通过重复哈希计算来寻找有效工作量证明的网络节点。 A network node for new blocks to find valid workload proofs by repeating Hashi calculations. A peer-to-peer network that propagates transactions and blocks to every bitcoin node on the network. 传播交易和区块至网络中每个比特币节点的点对点网络。 Disseminate a network of point-to-points for transactions and blocks to each bitcoin node in the network. Pooled mining is a mining approach where multiple generating clients contribute to the generation of a block, and then split the block reward according the contributed processing power. 矿池一种挖矿方式，在矿池中多个客户端共同贡献算力来产生区块，然后根据贡献算力大小来分配区块奖励。 The ponds are a way of excavating, in which multiple clients contribute arithmetic to the creation of blocks and then distribute block incentives according to the size of the contribution. A piece of data that requires significant computation to find. In bitcoin, miners must find a numeric solution to the SHA256 algorithm that meets a network-wide target, the difficulty target. 工作量证明指通过有效计算得到的一小块数据。具体到比特币，矿工必须要在满足全网目标难度的情况下求解SHA256算法。 The workload certificate refers to a small amount of data that is available through effective calculations. An amount included in each new block as a reward by the network to the miner who found the Proof-of-Work solution. It is currently 12.5 BTC per block. 每一个新区块中都有一定量新创造的比特币用来奖励算出工作量证明的矿工。现阶段每一区块有12.5比特币的奖励。 Each new block has a certain amount of newly created bitcoin to reward miners for calculating the workload. 每一个新区块中的第一笔交易是奖励给竞争到记账权的矿工的，奖励包括新区块创造的比特币和区块中所有交易的矿工费之和。新区块创造的比特币完成了比特币的发行，目前矿工的主要收入来源于新区块创造的比特币，现阶段为12.5比特币。 The first trade in each new block is for miners who compete for rights of account, including the sum of the bitcoin created by the new block and the sum of all the minerals traded in the block. The bitcoin created by the new block completes the distribution of bitcoin, and the main current source of revenue for miners is the bitcoin created by the new block, which currently stands at 12.5 bitcoins. A satoshi is the smallest denomination of bitcoin that can be recorded on the blockchain. It is the equivalent of 0.00000001 bitcoin and is named after the creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto. 聪是可记录到区块链中比特币的最小面额，一聪等于0.00000001比特币，以比特币的发明者中本聪的名字命名。 The hearing is the smallest denomination of bitcoin that can be recorded in the block chain and is equal to 0.000001 bitcoin, named after the name of Benz among the inventors of bitcoin. 比特币系统中通常用的单位有比特币、毫比特币、微比特币、聪。一比特币=1000毫比特币；1毫比特币=1000微比特币；1微比特币=100聪比特币。 The units commonly used in the bitcoin system are bitcoin, millbitcoin, microbitcoin, and hearing. One bitcoin=1000mbit; one millbitcoin=1000mbitco; one microbitcoin=100bbitcoins. In simple terms, a transfer of bitcoin from one address to another. More precisely, a transaction is a signed data structure expressing a transfer of value. Transactions are transmitted over the bitcoin network, collected by miners, and included into blocks, made permanent on the blockchain. 简单地说，交易指把比特币从一个地址转到另一个地址。更准确地说，一笔“交易”指一个经过签名运算的，表达价值转移的数据结构。每一笔“交易”都经过比特币网络传输，由矿工节点收集并打包至区块中，永久保存在区块链某处。 Simply put, a transaction refers to the transfer of bitcoin from one address to another. More precisely, a “transaction” refers to a signed structure of data that represents a transfer of value. Each “transaction” is transmitted through a Bitcoin network, collected and packaged by miners nodes to blocks, permanently stored somewhere in the block chain. 比特币是一个点对点的电子现金系统，其本质就是交易，所有其它的一切（比特币网络、区块链、挖矿等）都是为比特币交易服务的，通过比特币交易实现了不依赖第三方权威机构的价值转移。 Bitcoin is a point-to-point electronic cash system, the essence of which is a transaction in which everything else (bitcoin network, block chains, mining, etc.) is used for Bitcoin transactions, resulting in value transfers that are not dependent on third-party authorities. Software that holds all your bitcoin addresses and secret keys. Use it to send, receive, and store your bitcoin. 钱包指保存比特币地址和私钥的软件，可以用它来接收、发送、储存你的比特币。 The wallet refers to the software that preserves the Bitcoin address and private key, which can be used to receive, send and store your bitcoin. 我是李建军，和你一起解读《精通比特币》，和你一起学懂比特币，每天这是系列输出第1篇。 I'm Li Jianjun, reading Bitcoin with you, learning bitcoin with you, and this is the first in a series every day.
5J76sF8L5jTtzE96r66Sf8cka9y44wdpJjMwCxR3tzLh3ibVPxh
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