从社区角度看，区块链为什么这么火？它的未来在哪里？

图片来源：视觉中国

区块链的概念最早源自比特币，已经存在8年之久了。随着区块链近年来市场热度持续升温，越来越多的行业及企业开始关注区块链技术领域。今天我将会从社区角度介绍，为什么区块链这么火热？

长期以来，有两种基础方式来组织人们进行工作，分别是企业和市场。但我们发现，一种新的基于平台的组织工作的形式出现了。像微信、脸书、iOS等平台类产品在互联网上建立了牢不可破的地位，它们虽由各自的公司运作，但接纳其他企业在其基础上创建产品和服务，构成了一个强劲的生态系统。

区块链发生的故事与此类似，目前也非常盛行所谓社区的组织结构。我们知道区块链技术起源于社区组织，最早的比特币区块链，到目前为止所有的公有链是以社区的方式在运行。以小蚁为例，小蚁是一个社区化的区块链项目，通过 ICO 提供资金支持，通过 Github 贡献开源代码，通过提供第三方服务建设小蚁生态，通过发行和交易数字资产扩展小蚁的应用。

The story of block chains is similar and is now very prevalent in so-called community structures. We know that block chain technologies originate from community-based organizations, the earliest bitcoin block chains, and that all public chains have so far operated in a community-based manner. For example, small ants are a community-based block chain project that provides financial support through ICO, contributes source code through Github, builds small ant ecology through the provision of third-party services, and expands the application of small ants by issuing and trading digital assets.

下面我将从三个方面介绍区块链社区的整个概念，分别是区块链社区是什么？区块链项目是什么？它们的发展趋势是什么？当你听完后，想来对于区块链为什么这么火热的原由已经了然于心。

Next, I will describe the whole concept of block chain communities in three ways: what are the block chain communities? What are the block chain projects? What are their trends? When you hear them, you think about why the block chain is so hot.

在此，感谢区块链领域的先行者，他们是区块链社区的新技术、新理念的培育者，本文大量借鉴了他们的真知灼见，比如小蚁创始人达叔、量子链创始人帅初、万向区块链董事长肖风等等，另外还有《失控》作者、网络观察者凯文•凯利。

Here, thanks to the pioneers in the area of block chains, who are the new technologies of the block chain community, the nurturers of the new ideas, the paper draws heavily on their insights, such as the founder of the ants, Uncle Da, the founder of the Quantum Chain, the director of the 10,000-way block chain, and others, the author of Uncontrollable, network observer Kevin & Bull; and Kelly.

1.开源社区的定义

1. Definition of open-source communities

软件开源是什么？就是把自己写的系统或者软件的源代码公布出去。一般的软件仅可得到已经编译过的二进制可执行文档，只有软件的作者才拥有程序的源代码。而开源软件是在开放源代码许可证下发布的软件，其用户具有自由使用及接触源代码，甚至自行修改、复制以及再分发的权利。

Software is open source. This is to publish the source code of the system or software that you write. General software can only get compiled binary executable documents, and only the author of the software has the source code.

先简单回顾一下开源历史，开源源自Unix最初的发展史，无数顶级的技术专家参与了其中的开发。Unix是目前还在存活的操作系统的元老了，走过了40年的历程。

A brief review of the history of open-sources, which originated in Unix’s original history, was developed with the participation of numerous top-level technical experts. Unix, the oldest of the operating systems that are still alive, has gone 40 years.

在这之后，Linux横空出世。Linux 发布的时候创始人就决定让它自由扩散，包括源代码，随即引起了黑客们的注意，通过计算机网络加入了Linux的内核开发。虽然 Linux 并不是第一个开源软件，但它是迄今为止最为成功和最具影响力的操作系统，在金融、电信及石油勘探等高端市场的核心业务得到了大规模的应用。

Linux’s release drew the attention of hackers to the fact that Linux had joined Linux’s kernel development through a computer network. Although Linux was not the first open source software, it was the most successful and influential operating system to date, with large-scale applications to core operations in high-end markets such as finance, telecommunications, and oil exploration.

最流行的 Android 系统也是基于 Linux。Onchain北京分公司负责人李彦博即是Linux内核代码的贡献者，如果你用的是安卓系统，当中可能就有他写的代码。

The most popular Android system is also based on Linux.

小蚁通过 Github 贡献开源代码，这个Github是什么？Github是一个面向开源及私有软件项目的托管平台，拥有超过900万开发者用户。它就像软件界的Uber, 是开源项目的标配。

What is this Github? Github is a hosting platform for open-source and privately owned software projects with over 9 million developers. It's like Uber, & nbsp in the software community; it's a bid for open-source projects.

而近年，随着比特币及其底层技术区块链得到大量的关注和迅速的发展，其源代码开源的方式被认为是一种建立技术信任的机制，并成为了区块链行业发展趋势。国内外主流的区块链架构（如比特币、以太坊和国内的小蚁区块链）均在开源平台进行了代码开源。

In recent years, with considerable attention and rapid development of Bitcoin and its bottom technological block chain, the source-source approach has been seen as a technical confidence-building mechanism and as a trend in the block-chain industry. Mainly internal and external block-chain structures (e.g., Bitcoin, Ether, and the domestic small ant block chain) have been sourced on the open-source platform.

《经济学人》杂志把区块链比作是信任的机器，它本质的内在的核心的要求就是它是公开的、透明的。开源相当于你把整个食物制作过程让社区、让外部的第三方都可以参与进来，可以参与审计，参与评测。

Economists compares the block chain to a trusting machine, and its intrinsic core is that it is open and transparent. Open-sources are the same as you bring the entire food production process to the community, to external third parties, to audit and to evaluate.

现在我们就知道什么是开源社区了。开源社区就是根据相应的开源软件许可证协议公布软件源代码的网络平台，同时也为网络成员提供一个自由学习交流的空间。

Now we know what an open-source community is. The open-source community is a web platform that publishes the software's source code under the respective open-source software licensing agreement, and also provides a space for network members to learn freely.

由于开放源码软件主要被散布在全世界的编程者所开发，开源社区就成了他们沟通交流的必要途径，因此开源社区在推动开源软件发展的过程中起着巨大的作用。

Since OSS has been developed mainly by programmers spread around the world, open-source communities have become an essential means of communication, and open-source communities have played an enormous role in facilitating the development of open-source software.

Github作为一个分布式的版本控制系统,并不存主库也就是核心代码库这样的概念，每一份复制出的库都可以独立使用，任何两个库之间的不一致之处都可以进行合并。

Github, as a distributed version control system, does not have the concept of a master library, i.e. a core code library, which can be used independently of each copy, and any inconsistencies between the two libraries can be merged.

你听到我刚才说的了一个词吗？分布式，区块链的核心概念也有分布式，它们就像天作之合，把互联网引入新的时代。

Do you hear a word I just said? Distribute, there are distributional concepts at the heart of the block chain, they're like a natural combination, bringing the Internet into a new era.

2.社区是什么？

What's the community?

我们常常说的社区是指网络社区。在很多年前，人们把论坛说成社区；即使现在，人们仍然习惯叫一个论坛为某某社区。到了今天，我们对网上的社区有了更加深入全面的认识，论坛只是构成社区的一部分，是社区中的公共活动和议论的场所，是组织社区活动和体现社区文化特征的一个平台。

We often refer to the community as a network. Many years ago, people spoke of the forum as a community; even now, people used to call it a forum as a community. Today, we have a deeper and comprehensive understanding of the online community, which is only part of the community, a forum for public activities and discourse in the community, and a platform for organizing community activities and reflecting the cultural identity of the community.

网络社区与现实社区一样，也包含了一定的场所、一定的人群、相应的组织、社区成员参与和一些相同的兴趣、文化等特质。

The network community, like the real community, also includes such features as a place, a group of people, the corresponding organizations, the participation of members of the community and the same interests, cultures, etc.

另外，网络社区是有治理结构和治理方式的，就像一个城市一样，通过制度管理成员、通过平台塑造文化，有稳定的自我运转机制。社区的运营者，就像城市的管理者，最核心的职责是建立规则，并不断优化。

In addition, the network community has governance structures and governance, like a city, that has stable self-functioning mechanisms through institutional management, culture formation through platforms. Community operators, like city managers, have the most central role in establishing rules and optimizing them.

比如，天涯有非常完善的站务体系，很多版主、管理员都是义工，他们用约定俗成的规则和方式治理社区。网络社区是有边界的，由于文化与地域的差异，上海人集中的社区，北京人很难融入进去。

For example, there is a well-developed system of stations, many of which are volunteer owners and managers, who govern their communities using conventional rules and methods. Network communities have boundaries, and because of cultural and geographical differences, it is difficult for Beijingers to integrate into communities where Shanghai is concentrated.

社区不是简单的一群人在一起，而是一群人一起来做同一件事。与此同时，社区与社群也有显著的区别，代币观察就是一个社群，来自于区块链社区，社群的形成由管理者主导，号召了一批对代币行情感兴趣的投资者。

The community is not a simple group of people, but a group of people doing the same thing. At the same time, there is a significant difference between the community and the community.

假如一个社区的人际关系网络仍是一个高度以社区创办者、管理员或明星用户为中心的状态，它意味着较大的风险——社区的存活与发展，将取决于那少数的几个人。一旦这几个人不堪重负又或者是明星用户离开，社区很可能将毁于一旦，事实上，这样的场景在很多社区的发展史上曾反复出现过。要解此结，需要去中心化，把一个高度中心化的网络变成一个几乎无中心化的网络。

If a community’s network of interpersonal relationships is still highly centred on community founders, administrators, or star users, it means greater risk & mdash; & mdash; community survival and development will depend on a few of them. Once these people are overburdened and are either star users leaving, the community is likely to be destroyed. In fact, such a scenario has been repeated in the development history of many communities.

无疑，区块链社区与开源社区、网络社区有着共通之处。我们可以把开源社区看做是网络社区的垂直社区，就像当当网之于京东，只不过开源社区比通常意义的网络社区，历史更为悠久，组织形式更加纯粹。那么，区块链社区又是怎么回事呢？

There is no doubt that the community of the block chain has common connections with the open-source community and the network community. We can view the open-source community as a vertical community of the network, just as the open-source community is in Kyoto, but the community of the open-source community is older and more organized than the usual network community.

3.区块链社区概述

3. Overview of block chain communities

区块链社区并不像开源社区是一个严格定义的学术词汇，虽然它只是近年来才出现，但表达的意思其实非常宽泛。有人把区块链论坛称作区块链社区，就像巴比特论坛；有时指代区块链行业，就像金融界/媒体圈；又或者是区块链项目社区，就像比特币社区。

The block chain community does not seem to be a strictly defined academic term, although it has only emerged in recent years, but the meaning is very broad. Some refer to the block chain forum as the block chain community, like the Babbit forum; sometimes refer to the intergenerational block chain industry, like the financial/media community; or to the block chain project community, like the Bitcoin community.

现在我讲的就是后者，一般地区块链社区指区块链项目社区，围绕一个区块链项目发展的生态社区，社区包括了开发者、志愿者、投资者以及相关组织。如果区块链项目进行了开源，那么这个区块链技术开源社区就是狭义上的区块链社区。

What I'm talking about now is the latter, where the general block chain community refers to the block chain project community, the ecological community developed around a block chain project, which includes developers, volunteers, investors, and related organizations. If the block chain project opens up, the block chain technology community is the narrow block chain community.

由于区块链技术的特性，从一诞生开始，区块链技术就是以开源社区的形式浮现。最早的区块链开源社区就是比特币。比特币区块链的核心技术框架采用C++语言开发，共识算法采用POW算法，通过工作量（挖矿）证明获得记账权，实现全网记账。因此比特币社区出现了开发团队、矿工团队的长期竞争，这是一段很曲折的故事。

Because of the characteristics of block chain technology, the block chain technology emerges as open-source communities from the very beginning of its existence. The earliest open-source community in the block chain is Bitcoin. The core technical framework of the bitcoin block chain is developed in C++ language, and the consensus algorithm is based on the Pow algorithm, which allows the right to account through the workload (mining).

比特币的继任者是以太坊社区。以太坊是一个图灵完备的平台，可采用多种编程语言实现协议，基于以太坊平台之上的智能合约是以太坊得以出类拔萃的关键。智能合约方便用户搭建各种千变万化的DApp应用，使得区块链开发人员的门槛大大降低，以太坊生态系统也正在高速地成长着。

Bitcoin’s successor is the Taiwan community. Ether is a well-established platform for programming language, and smart contracts based on the Taiyo platform are the key to its success. Smart contracts make it easier for users to build a wide variety of highly variable Dapp applications, thus lowering the threshold for block-chain developers, and the Etherwood ecosystem is growing at a high rate.

不过，以太坊、比特币等公有链技术，最大的痛点是对算力要求极高，难以被大规模的商业模式采用。因此，IBM等机构建立了HyperLedger开源社区，探索以联盟链的形式将区块链技术在各行各业中落地，也让区块链技术演化成一种普适性的底层基础设施技术。

However, the greatest pain in public chain technologies, such as Taiwan and Bitcoin, is that they are too demanding to be used in large-scale business models. Thus, IBM and other institutions have established an open-source community of HyperLedger, exploring the use of block chain technology in all sectors in the form of a chain of alliances, and allowing block chain technology to evolve into a universal bottom infrastructure technology.

在我看来，区块链社区和网络社区的区别之一就是它是没有边界的，它就像一个宇宙，由一个点爆发和膨胀，有限而无边界，正如它的核心技术P2P一样，可以在任何时候自由加入、自由退出。

In my view, one of the differences between block-chained and networked communities is that it has no boundaries, and it is like a universe, with a single point of eruption and expansion, with limited and no boundaries, as with its core technology, P2P, that can freely join and exit at any time.

在P2P对等网络中，每个节点都具有高度自治的特征。节点之间彼此可以自由连接，形成新的连接单元。节点与节点之间的影响，会通过网络而形成非线性因果关系。

In the P2P peer-to-peer network, each node is characterized by a high degree of autonomy. The node is freely connected to each other, forming a new unit of connection. The influence between the node and the node creates a non-linear causality through the network.

这种开放式、扁平化、平等性的组织结构，使得每一个社区成员均成为了一个微小且独立的贡献者，参与到区块链项目的发展中来。

This open, flat, egalitarian organizational structure makes every member of the community a small and independent contributor to the development of block chain projects.

当然，区块链项目的组织形态并不必然以社区存在，这会在第二章节中区块链项目的区别展开。

Of course, block chain projects are not organized in such a way as to necessarily exist in the community, and this will be carried out in the context of the distinction between block chain items in chapter II.

1.从比特币到以太坊

1. From Bitcoin to Etheria

区块链技术的首次也是最著名的应用是比特币，一个在2009年1月3日正式上线运行的去中心化数字货币应用，它的创始人叫中本聪，但目前大家并不知道此人的真实身份。

The first and most well-known application of block chain technology was Bitcoin, a decentralized digital currency application that was officially operational on 3 January 2009 and was founded by the name of Nakamoto, who is not currently known for his true identity.

乔布斯曾说过：那些疯狂到认为自己能改变世界的人，就是那些能改变世界的人。中本聪无疑就是这样的人。2008年全球爆发金融危机，这一年的11月1日，中本聪在一个隐秘的密码学邮件组列表中发表了一篇论文，陈述了他对数字货币的新设想，也就是电子现金系统比特币。

Jobes once said that those who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world are those who can change the world. There is no doubt that this is the case. On November 1, 2008, when the global financial crisis broke out, Nakamoto published a paper on his new vision of digital money, the electronic cash system Bitcoin.

不同于现代国家发行的货币，比特币没有一个集中的发行方，它由分布式网络基于数学计算产生，总量恒定，所有交易由全网节点共同记账确保其不可篡改，依靠密码学保障网络安全，账户具有匿名性，软件的代码开源，更新与发展依靠社区自治。

Unlike the currency issued by modern countries, Bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, it is generated by distributed networks based on mathematical calculations, the volume is constant, all transactions are accounted for by a full web node to ensure their inviolability, the security of the network depends on cryptography, the anonymity of accounts, the open source of software and the reliance on community autonomy for renewal and development.

比特币从一个倍受争议的虚拟代币，经过数年的发展逐渐从极客的小圈子，经历为世界各国敌对、怀疑以及接受、认可的过程，这也是它的社区不断壮大，生态不断丰富的过程。

Bitcoin has evolved over the years from a controversial virtual token, and has experienced a process of hostility, suspicion and acceptance and recognition for the nations of the world, as well as a process of growing communities and ecological enrichment.

如今比特币的底层技术区块链已经远远超出了这种货币，其发展历程如同爱丽丝梦游仙境般奇妙。

Today, the bottom-of-the-art block chain of Bitcoin is far beyond that currency, and its development is as amazing as Alice's dream of wonderland.

先是有人发现用比特币可以做小额跨境支付。只要用人民币买比特币，再卖出成美元，就完成了跨境支付。于是诞生了Circle这样的公司，拿到了5000万美元来自高盛的投资。

First, someone found out that a small cross-border payment could be made in bitcoin. When you buy bitcoin in renminbi and sell it into dollars, you complete the cross-border payment.

然后又有人说这还不够直接。我可以另外做一个区块链，在这个区块链上可以记录各种国家的货币间的转账和交易。于是就诞生了Ripple，要做SWFIT 2.0，成为未来银行间的清算标准。

And then some say it's not direct enough. I can make a chain of blocks where money transfers and transactions between countries can be recorded. So Ripple is born and SWFIT 2.0 becomes the standard for future bank-to-bank liquidation.

还有人说我可以用区块链记录各种股票，于是诞生了纳斯达克的Linq项目，和小蚁最初的构想类似，做非上市公司的股权登记和交易。

Others said that I could record stocks in a block chain, so the Linq project in NASDAQ was born, similar to the original idea of an ant, to register and trade in shares of non-listed companies.

又有人说我可以用区块链的不可篡改特性，写入数据进行公证，于是有了Factom项目，帮助洪都拉斯政府用区块链登记房屋产权；

I was also told that I could use the non-alterable character of the block chain to record the data, and that there was the Factom project, which helped the Government of Honduras to register property rights in the block chain;

然后又有一个19岁的加拿大神童说，你们都用区块链记录数据，我建立一个记录程序代码的区块链，于是有了以太坊项目，试图将人类语言书写的商业合同变成计算机语言编写的可以自动执行的智能合约。

And then there was a 19-year-old Canadian godchild who said that you all used a block chain to record data, that I built a block chain to record program code, and that I had the Etherwood project, which tried to turn commercial contracts written in human languages into self-executing smart contracts written in computer languages.

我们发现这和互联网很像，最开始的互联网只是用来发电子邮件的。但是因为互联网的开放和自由，逐步演化出了BBS、Web、博客、微博、移动互联网、O2O等各种形态的创新。区块链正在经历着类似的发展路径。

We find this to be similar to the Internet, which was first used only for e-mailing. But the openness and freedom of the Internet has gradually evolved innovations in the forms of BBS, Web, blogs, microblogging, mobile Internet, O2O, etc.

历史不会简单重复，却总是那样似曾相识。

History does not simply repeat itself, but it is always as familiar as ever.

2.区块链项目的区别

2. Differences between block chain items

2017年区块链正在风口上。各种区块链的项目频繁上马，一时间好像只要是网络项目不和区块链挂钩上就OUT了，但是对于有些人来说并没有分清楚它们有什么区别。

The chain of blocks in 2017 is on the wind. Projects in the chain of blocks are on the horse a lot, as if the network projects were not connected to the chain of blocks at any time, but it is not clear to some that they are different.

区块链从类型上分为三类，公有链、联盟链和私有链，主要区别是访问和管理权限不同。比特币、以太坊、NEO都是公有链。电子现金系统比特币以及山寨币是区块链1.0的应用，后来出现了一些如强匿名DASH、ZEC的创新币种。

Block chains are divided into three types: public, union, and private, the main difference being access and management. Bitcoin, Etheria, and NEO are all public chains. The electronic cash system is Bitcoin and the mountain currency is the 1.0 application of the block chain, and a number of innovative currencies, such as the strong and anonymous DASH, ZEC, have emerged.

区块链2.0的典型代表是以太坊（Ethereum）和超级账本（hyperledger），分别代表了区块链的两个重要的发展方向：应用于公众的公有链和应用于企业的联盟链。

The block chain 2.0 is typically represented by the Etheeum and the superbook (hyperledger) and represents two important directions for the development of the block chain, respectively: the public chain for the public and the union chain for the enterprise.

以以太坊为例，在这个底层技术平台上大家开发出了一系列的应用，比如预测市场平台Augur、电竞平台Firstblood、云计算平台Golem等等，还有一些强大应用也是以公有链的形式存在，比如审计公证系统公证通、防伪溯源商用平台印链，特点是技术和应用场景深入结合。

By way of example, a series of applications have been developed on this bottom technology platform, such as the predicting market platform Augur, the electronics platform Firstblood, the cloud computing platform Golem and others, and some powerful applications also exist in the form of public chains, such as the audit of notaries of notaries, the anti-false commercial platform printing chain, characterized by a deep convergence of technology and applications.

与以太坊类似的区块链2.0应用还有哪些？比如去中心应用平台量子链、智能资产系统元界等等，另外还有多区块链浏览器IPFS 和区块链互联网络Cosmos,最终都是扩展区块链技术与应用边界，构建一个价值传输协议实现价值互联网的变革。

What are the applications of block chain 2.0 similar to Ether? For example, go to the central application platform for quantum chain, smart asset system meta-regions, etc., and there are multi-block chain browsers IPFS and block chain Internet Cosmos, which ultimately extend block chain technology and application boundaries to build a value transfer protocol to effect value Internet change.

以上应用可以说是货真价实的区块链项目，要么是核心区块链基础层，要么是应用服务业务层。

The above application can be described as a genuine block chain project, either as a core block chain base or as an application service operating level.

举个例子，蓝鲸淘是NEO的首个业务层应用，是NEO生态中首家将超导交易落地的智能资产管理平台。传统的互联网金融平台主要依赖于中心化交易模式，此类模式的弊端在于无法规避的道德风险和极高的网络安全维护支出，而蓝鲸淘平台基于区块链提出一种新型的去中心化流转模式，为客户创造出一个更安全、可信、低交易成本的互联网金融投融资环境。

For example, Blue Whales, the first business-level application of NEO, is the CEO’s first eco-based smart asset management platform to put superconductive transactions on the ground. Traditional Internet finance platforms rely mainly on a centralized trading model, the vice of which is the inescapable moral hazard and the extremely high cost of cybersecurity maintenance, while Blue Whales provides a new decentralized flow model based on a block chain that creates a safer, credible, low transaction cost Internet financial investment environment for clients.

但是有些项目只是借了区块链的东风，简单地利用区块链进行基金发行、产品众筹、积分兑换等等。打个比方，天猫是互联网产品，而这些项目就像天猫平台的商家。

But there are projects that just borrow the east wind of the block chain, simply use the block chain to distribute funds, raise products, exchange points, and so on. For example, Skycat is an Internet product, and these projects are like business on Skycat platforms.

自然它们只是应用层次的不同，反而说明了区块链确实有着实际的应用，真实的市场。这些区块链项目也将可能取得非凡的成就，就像天猫商家三只松鼠是中国最大的互联网食品品牌，受到吃货广泛的拥护。

Naturally, they are only at different levels of application, but they show that there are real applications and real markets for the block chains. These block chain projects will also have the potential to achieve extraordinary results, as in the case of three Skycat squirrels, China’s largest Internet food brand, which is widely embraced by eaters.

前面我说了区块链项目的组织形态并不必然以社区存在，也有这个原因，他们应用的技术是分布式的，业务可能是中心化方式。

As I said earlier, the organizational shape of block chain projects does not necessarily exist in the community, and for that reason, the technology they apply is distributed and the business may be centralized.

1.生态包括了什么？

What does ecology include?

第三章讲的是区块链生态和区块链的发展趋势，我屡次提到了生态这两个字，因为它和社区是分不开的，一个成熟的社区离不开生态的支撑。

Chapter III deals with trends in the ecology of the block chain and the development of the chain of blocks, and I have repeatedly referred to the word ecology because it and its communities are inseparable and a mature community cannot be supported by ecology.

犹如网络社区之于现实社区，社区的生态系统好比自然的生态系统，地球家园由亿万物种构成的松散网络编结起来，成为不可拆分的共同进化体系，其组成部分会自发提升至某种不可捉摸的群集状态。

As in the case of networked communities, where the ecosystems of the community are as natural as those of nature, the planet's home is made up of a loose network of hundreds of millions of species and becomes an unbroken common evolutionary system, with components that rise spontaneously to some uncharted mass.

回到区块链社区，就是一个个开发者、投资者、创业者等等包括个人或者机构，为了实现共同的目标组成一个社区，在社区里提供完备的开发工具、完善的孵化培训机制、周到的第三方服务、新颖的应用产品。

Returning to the block chain community is a developer, investor, entrepreneur, etc., including individuals or institutions, forming a community to achieve common goals by providing the community with adequate development tools, well-developed incubation training mechanisms, thoughtful third-party services, innovative applications.

生态是开源社区项目的生命力所在。想像一下，在NEO上面有大量的各种各样的数字资产，包括第三方对这些数字资产的认证、交易、服务，包括第三方一些增值的流程，完整构造了一个智能经济分布式网络——比如我就可以通过实名认证、电子签名证明是我，我就可以发布自己的股权资产，可能还有其他机构、其他人为我的股权资产背书，社会资产的创建、交易、流转这样的事情完全在自动化运作。

Ecology is the life force of open-source community projects. Imagine that there are a wide range of digital assets on the NEO, including third-party certification, trading, servicing, including some value-added processes by third-party parties, and complete construction of an intelligent economic distribution network & mdash; & mdash; for example, I can certify by real name, by electronic signature that I am, and I can publish my equity assets, possibly by other institutions, others, for my equity assets, and that the creation, trading, transfer of social assets is entirely automated.

前面说的是生态的构成，那么它的治理机制是怎么的？网络社区有自己的组织治理机制，区块链社区也不例外，并且区块链社区的治理方式更加与众不同，它具有两种治理方式，链上治理与链下治理。

What are the governance mechanisms of ecological composition? Network communities have their own organizational governance mechanisms, with no exception for block-chain communities, and the governance of block-chain communities is more distinctive, with two types of governance, chain-to-chain governance and chain-to-chain governance.

链上治理即代币的持有人是系统的所有者和管理者，通过在系统上构造投票交易来实现管理。如同蜂群自己票选出各种决定和分工，是上万个群氓合并成的整体，涌现出一种大众智慧。只要给予足够的时间，那些去中心化的、相互连接起来的大众事物将会变得比我们预想更为聪明。

The chain of governance, the holder of the token, is the owner and manager of the system, and it is managed through structured voting transactions on the system. As the bees elect their own decisions and division of labour, it is a combination of tens of thousands of groups that emerge a sense of public wisdom.

链下治理一般由理事会或基金会来处理，进行战略决策和协调社区各方面的资源。理事会向社区负责，以推广和发展生态为首要工作目标。

Governance in the chain is generally handled by councils or foundations, which make strategic decisions and coordinate resources across communities. The councils are accountable to the communities, with the primary objective of promoting and developing ecology.

一个生态社区发展到后期最好的状态就是，区块链项目本身的运营完全取决并依赖于社区自治，理事会只作为社区内一名普通成员，对项目的治理提出建议和方案，但不享有超然的或高出其他成员的权力或权威。

An ecological community development is best developed at a later stage where the operation of the block chain project itself is entirely determined and dependent on community autonomy, and the Council, as an ordinary member of the community, provides advice and programmes on the governance of the project, but does not enjoy exceptional or higher powers or authority than other members.

2.我们和区块链的关系

2. Our relationship to the block chain

说了这么多，区块链和我们有什么关系呢？如果你是互联网的深度用户，那么一切尽在不言中。

So much, what does the block chain have to do with us? If you're a deep user of the Internet, then everything is in order.

前些天有这样一篇热点文章在朋友圈刷屏，文章内容是中国最大的科技巨头华为和最大的互联网巨头之一腾讯就用户数据使用一事起了争执。腾讯指控华为荣耀Magic手机侵犯了腾讯微信数据和用户数据，而华为则坚持认为所有的数据都属于用户，并且已经获得了用户的授权同意。对于用户数据归属于谁，双方各不让步。其实这已经不是第一回数据引发的争夺战。

A few days ago, such a hot-spot article was painted in a circle of friends, where China’s largest technology giant, China’s largest, and one of the largest Internet giants, argued about the use of user data. The caller accused China of honouring Magic’s cell phone for violating telecommunications micro-data and user data, while China insisted that all data belonged to the user and had been approved by the user.

这些年兴起的互联网产品里面，每一个都是试图让用户尽可能久的留在自己服务内，不要去其他地方。他们占用了用户越来越多的使用时长，反客为主地开始吞噬互联网。除了流量和时间的集中，资本层面的投资、并购也从来没停止过，所有变化，都是朝着更集中的方向发展。

Each of these emerging Internet products is trying to keep users in their own service for as long as possible, without going anywhere else. They take more and more of the time they use, and anti-prisoners start to devour the Internet. In addition to the concentration of flows and time, capital-level investments, mergers and acquisitions have never stopped, and all changes are moving in a more concentrated direction.

互联网中心化之后，用户的利益就不断被侵犯。过去内容分布在互联网各个角落，想找到他们需要花点时间，但是想干掉它们也不太容易。今天，你往朋友圈转一篇王五四的文章就知道了，不出10分钟，就会有无数好友告诉“已经看不到了”。

When the Internet is centralized, the interests of users are constantly being violated. In the past, it took a little time to find them, but it wasn't easy to kill them. Today, you're going to be able to transfer an article from Wang 54 to your friends, and in 10 minutes you're going to have countless friends telling & ldquao; it's no longer possible to see & rdquao;

企业控制的不仅仅是一个帖子，他们控制的是数据，并且是用户创造出来的，本来不属于他们的数据。如果不加以约束，互联网巨头很可能变为“数据寡头”，那将是非常可怕的事情，其危害性远超技术层面的垄断。

Business controls are not just a post, they control data, and they are created by users that are not their data. If not contained, the Internet giants are likely to turn into &ldquao; data & & rdquao; that would be a terrible thing, far more dangerous than a monopoly at the technical level.

有人认为区块链会改变互联网的格局，会为社会节省巨大的成本，但是它不会改变人们的生活。对普通人而言，比如用区块链钱包支付还是用微信支付，并没有两样，不过可能节省了2毛钱的手续费。

Some argue that block chains can change the shape of the Internet and save a lot of money for society, but that they will not change people’s lives. For ordinary people, for example, paying with a block wallet or paying with a micro-mail, there is no difference, but it may save 20 cents of paperwork.

上面显然没有认识到区块链真正的价值，就像移动互联网比互联网多了饿了么、滴滴打车这些O2O产品，是决定了你能不能便利地订到外卖、快捷出行的区别，区块链升级的价值互联网可以使你掌控自己的数据、资产，不被大中心、大机构任意剥夺，保护你在互联网上的生产价值。

The apparent lack of recognition of the true value of the block chain, like the mobile Internet being more hungry than the Internet, the drop-and-drop product O2O, determines whether you can easily order the difference between take-out and fast travel, and the value of the Internet, which upgrades the block chain, allows you to control your data, assets, be free from arbitrary deprivation by large centres and institutions, and protect your production value on the Internet.

不仅如此，区块链还可以弥补互联网技术的天然缺陷。区块链用数据区块取代了目前互联网对中心服务器的依赖，使得所有数据变更或者交易项目都记录在一个云系统之上，数据可以在传输中自我证明。这种办法安全性更高，能避免黑客攻击。黑客也许能修改一台或几台电脑的区块数据，但绝不可能修改成千上万台电脑的区块数据。

Moreover, block chains can compensate for natural deficiencies in Internet technology. The block chains replace the current Internet reliance on central servers with data blocks, so that all data changes or transactions are recorded on a cloud system, and data can be self-proven in transmissions. This approach is more secure to avoid hacking. Hackers may be able to modify block data for one or several computers, but it is never possible to modify block data for tens of thousands of computers.

在当今的数字化社会，最清晰、也最重要的一点是：人们不会使用不信任的终端、不会使用不信任的云计算、不会使用不信任的技术。毫无疑问，区块链通过新一代的数据技术方式，降低了“信用”的建立成本，将带来整个互联网乃至社会的深刻改变。

In today's digital society, the clearest and most important thing is that people don't use the end of mistrust, they don't use the cloud of mistrust, and they don't use the technology of mistrust. There's no doubt that the block chain, through a new generation of data technology, reduces & ldquao; credit & rdquao; and the cost of establishing it will bring profound changes to the Internet and society as a whole.

3.区块链将走向何方？

3. Where will the block chain lead?

国外近几年比较火的一个概念叫做FinTech，即金融科技的缩写。FinTech包含在线支付、P2P、众筹以及其他科技性质的金融方案，它在国内对应的概念就是互联网金融。

One of the concepts that has become more popular abroad in recent years is FinTech, an acronym for financial technology. FinTech includes online payments, P2P, crowd-raising, and other financial programs of a scientific and technological nature, and its domestic counterpart is Internet finance.

第一财经在2013年底就把当时的比特币包含在互联网金融概念里，由此产生了一种错觉，区块链总被作为FinTech和互联网金融的一个重要分支。

The inclusion of the then bitcoin in the concept of Internet finance by the end of 2013 created the illusion that block chains were always treated as an important branch of FinTech and Internet finance.

显然，区块链的发展远远超过了人们的预期。如果区块链技术本身只是单纯的技术创新，也不会引起这么大的反响，区块链的本质还在于理念的变革，组织形态的重构，社会协作机制的变革，汇集到一起，形成了一种新的理念。

It is clear that the development of block chains far exceeds expectations. If block chain technology is simply a technological innovation in itself, and does not produce so much resonance, the essence of block chains is also a change of ideas, a restructuring of organizational patterns, a change in social mechanisms of collaboration, and a new idea.

这种理念是普通人很难一下子认识清楚，即使认识清楚，也是很难接受的。如果你告诉大家，未来30年，也许所有的公司都会消失，所有人都会说你是骗子，但是其实大多数人不知道“公司”这种组织架构，在人类几十万年的历史长河中，才存在了300年。

It's hard for ordinary people to get to know each other at once, even if they do. If you tell everyone that all companies may disappear for the next 30 years, everyone will say you're a liar, but most people don't know & ldquo; companies & rdquo; this organizational structure, which has existed only 300 years in the history of hundreds of thousands of humans.

区块链产生的大背景是由信息技术推动的人类社会数字化进程。在信息化或者人类社会的数字化迁徙，越来越紧密，程度越来越深的时候，原有的网络技术架构不足以承担这么高的频率、这么巨大的数据的传输、存储和使用，于是分布式技术区块链就出现了。

The larger context of the block chain is the digitalization of human society driven by information technology. At a time when information or the digital migration of human society is becoming ever closer and deeper, the existing network technology architecture is not sufficient to cover such high frequencies, the transfer, storage, and use of such large amounts of data, and the distributed technical block chain emerges.

基于区块链技术，数字资产的创设和转移，智能合约的发布和执行，促使数字网络进入前未有过的价值大连网，成为一个串联个人电脑、移动终端、虚拟现实设备等多种设备的无缝对接的价值互联世界。

Based on block chain technology, the creation and transfer of digital assets, the issuance and implementation of smart contracts, the digital network has become a seamlessly interconnected world of value for a wide range of equipment, such as a combination of personal computers, mobile terminals and virtual reality devices.

区块链的发展，可以使人类快速地建立起一种新型的 “组织架构”，这种自治的组织架构存在于区块链的网络中，协议中，人类的脑海中。我们可以把这类似社区组织的去中心自治组织定义为协议共同体。区块链最终将会成为一个商业模式、社会结构或者组织模式的基础设施。

The development of block chains will enable humans to quickly build a new type of & ldquo; organizational structure & & & rdquao; this autonomous organizational structure exists in the network of blocks, in agreements, in human minds. We can define this type of community-based organization as a community of agreements. The block chain will eventually become an infrastructure for business models, social structures, or organizational models.