什么是加密货币（Cryptocurrency）加密货币有哪些类型？

加密货币（Cryptocurrency）是一种基于加密技术创建和管理的数字资产，它使用了密码学原理以确保其安全性和匿名性。与传统货币不同，加密货币并不依赖于任何中央机构或政府发行，而是由整个网络共同参与者来管理和验证交易。

Cryptocurrence, a digital asset created and managed on the basis of encryption technology, uses cryptography to ensure its security and anonymity. Unlike traditional currencies, encrypted money does not depend on any central agency or government issuance, but is managed and validated by the entire network of co-participants.

比特币（BTC）是第一个诞生的加密货币，也是最著名的加密货币，从那时起，全世界涌现了成千上万种加密货币，每种都有独特的特征和用途。

Since the birth of Bitcoin (BTC), the first and most famous encrypted currency, thousands of encrypted currencies have emerged worldwide, each with unique characteristics and uses.

加密货币是去中心化的，使用密码学来确保安全，可以独立于银行和支付处理器等中介机构而运营。

Encrypted currency is decentralized, and cryptography is used to ensure security and can be operated independently of intermediaries such as banks and payment processors.

简单来说，加密货币会使用先进的数学算法来保护交易，并且保护数据免受未经授权的访问或操纵。这些算法有两大主要功能：维护用户身份的隐私和验证交易的真实性。

Simply put, encrypted money uses advanced mathematical algorithms to protect transactions and to protect data from unauthorized access or manipulation. These algorithms have two main functions: to preserve the privacy of user identities and to verify the authenticity of transactions.

区块链交易是公开的，地址（公钥）是伪匿名的。也就是说，虽然交易在区块链上是可见的，但交易背后的用户却不容易被识别。加密货币通过使用哈希函数和数字签名等加密技术来实现这一目标。

Block chain transactions are public, and addresses (public keys) are falsely anonymous. That is, while the transactions are visible on the block chain, the users behind the transactions are not easily identifiable. Encrypted currency achieves this by using encryption techniques such as Hashi function and digital signature.

加密货币通过分布式计算机网络实现自主权，这个网络统称为区块链，区块链本质上是一个分散的数字账本，它将交易数据存储在网络上的许多专用计算机上。

Encrypted currencies are autonomous through a distributed computer network, collectively known as the block chain, which is essentially a decentralized digital account that stores transaction data on many dedicated computers on the network.

每一台这种计算机中（也称为节点）都维护着账本的副本，而有一种共识算法通过拒绝虚假或不一致的副本来保护区块链的副本。这种分布式架构可以提高网络的安全性，因为不法分子无法利用单点故障来牟利。

Each of these computers (also referred to as nodes) maintains a copy of the account book, while there is a consensus algorithm to deny false or inconsistent copies of the chain of protected blocks. This distribution can improve the safety of the network, because the outlaws cannot profit from a single point failure.

加密货币允许个人直接将资金转移给对方。在典型的加密货币交易中，发送方通过使用其私钥创建数字签名来启动转账。然后，交易被发送到网络，网络中的节点通过验证数字签名并确保发送者有足够的资金来确保交易的有效性。

Encrypted currency allows individuals to transfer money directly to each other. In typical encrypted currency transactions, the sender starts the transfer by creating a digital signature using its private key.

验证后，交易将被添加到一个新区块中，然后添加到现有区块链中。这听起来很复杂，但矿工会负责这些步骤，因此用户不必操心。

Once certified, the transaction will be added to a new block and then to the existing block chain. This sounds complicated, but the mining unions are responsible for these steps, so users need not worry.

加密货币引入了区别于传统协议和货币的创新功能，从而深刻地影响了从金融到技术的各种生态系统。加密货币的几大主要特征包括：

Some of the main features of encrypted money include:

加密货币的去中心化架构使其不再需要中央权威机构。这样可以提高自主权，没有单一的中央机构或个人能够控制或干扰它的运作。

The decentralized structure of the encrypted currency no longer requires central authority. This enhances autonomy, and no single central agency or individual can control or interfere with its functioning.

区块链技术将所有交易记录在透明且防篡改的账本上。因此，一旦将交易添加到区块链，任何人都可以查看，并且无法更改或删除。

Block chain technology records all transactions on a transparent and tamper-proof account book. Therefore, once the transaction is added to the block chain, anyone can see it and cannot change or delete it.

许多加密货币都是可编程的，允许开发者部署智能合约，在区块链上创建中去心化应用程序（dApp）和其他创新解决方案。此外，由于非许可型区块链是开源的，任何人都可以开始在区块链上部署代码，并创建自己的dApp。

Many encrypted currencies are programmed, allowing developers to deploy smart contracts to create decentric applications (dapps) and other innovative solutions on block chains. Moreover, since non-licensed block chains are open-sourced, anyone can start deploying codes on block chains and create their own dapps.

加密货币很容易在全球范围内转移和交易，人们可以将其用于国际交易和汇款。

Encrypted currencies are easily transferred and traded on a global scale and can be used for international transactions and remittances.

许多加密货币的供应量有限，这意味着它们背后的团队只能创造有限数量的代币。随着时间的推移，加密货币的这种通货紧缩可能会产生积极影响，因为稀缺性会推动需求。

The limited availability of many encrypted currencies means that the teams behind them can only create a limited number of tokens. Over time, this deflation of encrypted currencies may have a positive impact, as scarcity drives demand.

相比之下，数字货币通常会出现通货膨胀，在供应有限的情况下，加密货币的通货膨胀就可以更好地控制，因为代币的总数是预先确定好的。

By contrast, the inflation of digital currencies is usually expected to occur and, in cases of limited supply, the inflation of encrypted currencies can be better controlled, as the total number of tokens is predefined.

加密货币通常可以分为四种。

The encryptable currency can normally be divided into four.

1. 币
2. 代币
3. 非同质化代币（NFT）
4. 稳定币

需要说明的是，NFT和稳定币是加密代币的子类别。但我们将分别讨论，因为它们在加密货币世界占有特殊地位。

What needs to be explained is that NFT and stabilizers are subcategories of encrypted tokens. We will discuss them separately because they occupy a special place in the world of encrypted currencies.

加密货币种类（部分）

加密货币建立在独立的区块链网络上。与代币相反，币的基本特征是，币是其自有区块链的原生资产。加密货币是一种价值单位，用于交易。其主要目的是保护底层区块链网络。

Contrary to the token, the basic characteristic of the currency is that it is the original asset of its own block chain. Encrypted currency is a value unit used for trading. The main purpose is to protect the bottom block chain network.

比特币、以太币和泰索斯都是加密货币的绝佳示例。它们均有自己的区块链，既作为价值单位，同时保护其自有区块链。

Bitcoin, Ethers, and Tesos are excellent examples of encrypted currencies. They all have their own block chains as units of value while protecting their own block chains.

比特币是市面上最受欢迎的加密货币。它使用一种名为工作量证明（PoW）的共识机制，矿工会竞相验证交易并保持网络运行。此外，BTC的供应量限制在2100万枚代币，这使其相对稀缺，并有助于长期保持其价值。

Bitcoin is the most popular encrypted currency on the market. It uses a consensus mechanism called PoW, where mining unions compete to verify transactions and maintain networks.

ETH是第二受欢迎的加密货币，由VitalikButerin及其团队于2015年推出。除了用于价值转移外，还可通过智能合约实现可编程性。

ETH is the second most popular encrypt currency, launched by Vitalik Buterin and his team in 2015.

与BTC一样，ETH最初使用了PoW共识机制，但后来它已转向更环保、更节能的权益证明（PoS）模型。这一转变使得用户可以通过质押自己的ETH来验证交易并确保网络安全。

Like BTC, ETH initially used the PoW consensus mechanism, but it then turned to a more environmentally friendly, energy-efficient probative (PoS) model. This shift allowed users to pledge their ETH to verify transactions and ensure network security.

ADA是市值增长最快的加密货币之一，成立于2015 年，创始人Charles Hoskinson 就曾是以太坊联合创办人之一。

The ADA, one of the fastest-growing encoded currencies in the market, was founded in 2015 as one of the co-founders of Taiku, Charles Hoskinson.

艾达币所属的区块链是Cardano，而Cardano 在区块链社群内被广泛认为是第三代区块链平台，融合比特币(BTC) 和以太币(ETH) 的优点，能够有效地处理大量资讯，因此被有些投资者视ADA币为以太币的竞争对手，被称为“新一代的以太币”。

The chain of blocks to which Idaco belongs is Cardano, which is widely recognized as a third-generation block chain platform within the block chain community, combining the advantages of Bitcoin and Ether (ETH) and being able to deal effectively with a large amount of information, so that some investors regard ADA as a rival in the TT, known as “the new generation of TT”.

加密代币也可作为价值单位。但代币是在现有区块链网络上创建的。代币的基本特征是，它们没有自己的底层区块链。

Encrypted tokens can also be a value unit. But they are created on the network of existing block chains. The basic feature of the tokens is that they do not have their own bottom block chain.

在智能合约的帮助下，加密货币相关项目在现有区块链网络之上创建自己的代币。以以太坊为例，帮助你更好地了解代币。

With the help of smart contracts, encryption money-related projects create their own tokens over an existing network of blocks.

以太坊区块链的原生加密货币是以太币。以太币是在自己的区块链上运行，因此是一种加密货币。但它并不是以太坊区块链上唯一使用的货币。以太坊区块链的关键属性是是可编程。即开发人员可以在以太坊上构建不同的项目，创建各种代币。这一切要归功于ERC-20代币标准。

The original encoded currency of the Taiwan block chain is the taeco. The ether is running on its own block chain, so it is an encrypted currency. It is not the only currency used in the ether block chain. The key attribute of the ether block chain is that it can be programmed.

ERC-20代币是在以太坊区块链上创建代币的标准协议。ERC是EthereumRequestforComments（以太坊征求意见提案）的缩写形式，20是提案标识符。

The ERC-20 is a standard agreement to create a token on the Taiyan block chain.

就像互联网上的所有网站都必须遵守超文本传输协议(HTTP)，以太坊上创建的所有代币都必须遵循ERC-20标准的指令。因此，不同应用程序可以在以太坊上相互通信。你甚至可以按照ERC-20指南自己在以太坊网络上创建代币。

Just as all Internet sites are subject to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and all coins created in the district are subject to the ERC-20 standard instructions. Thus, different applications can communicate with each other in the district. You can even create your own token on the Ether network in accordance with the ERC-20 guidelines.

随着以太坊网络的发展，其代币标准也发生了变化。以太坊网络上存在各种类型的代币，例如ERC-721和ERC-1155。

As the Etherm network develops, its token standards have changed. The Etherm network has various types of tokens, such as ERC-721 and Erc-1155.

去中心化金融代币

第二代区块链让我们可以构建应用程序。区块链上构建的每个应用程序都需要一种代币才能执行其功能。随着开发人员开始将区块链应用于金融行业，一个名为去中心化金融(DeFi)的新生态系统及DeFi代币应运而生。

The second-generation block chain allows us to build applications. Each application built on the block chain requires a token to perform its functions. As developers begin to apply the block chain to the financial sector, a new ecosystem called DeFi, and the DeFi proxy, were created.

加密代币并非其区块链的原生资产，不为其底层网络提供支持。代币支持的是自己的经济体，可以在给定平台上为换取商品和服务而交易代币。

Encrypted tokens are not the original assets of its block chain and do not support its bottom network. They are supported by their own economies, which can be traded on a given platform in exchange for goods and services.

例如，“Aave”和“Sushi”就是遵循ERC-20标准的去中心化金融代币。它们充当自有去中心化金融平台“Aave”和“Sushiswap”的货币，让用户能够与其平台的实用程序交互。

For example, “Aave” and “Sushi” are decentralized financial tokens that follow the ERC-20 standards. They serve as currencies for their own decentralized financial platforms “Aave” and “Sushiswap” that allow users to interact with the practical procedures of their platforms.

元宇宙代币

ERC-20代币的另一个重要用例是元宇宙。就像每个国家都有一个独立的经济体，每个元宇宙空间都有自己的封闭经济体和自己的原生货币来驱动其运行。元宇宙空间的原生货币称为元宇宙代币或“元宇宙币”。

Another important example of ERC-20 is the metaspace. Like every country with an independent economy, each metaspace has its own closed economy and its own native currency to drive its operations.

例如Sandbox。其原生货币SAND是Sandbox中的交易单位。你需要SAND币才能使用Sandbox中的服务和用途，并成为其经济体的组成部分。

For example, Sandbox. Its original currency, SAND, is the trading unit in Sandbox. You need SAND currency to use the services and uses in Sandbox and become part of its economy.

这只是正在运行的两种ERC20代币示例，还有多种其他代币。

This is just an example of two operational ERC20s, and there are a number of other tokens.

NFT最初是在以太坊区块链上推出的，在以太坊生态系统中，它们遵循的是ERC-721代币标准。

NFT was first introduced on the Ether-Team block chain, and in the Ether-Team ecosystem they followed the ERC-721 standard.

NFT是数字所有权的终极体现。NFT能够将任何类型的数据，包括艺术、音乐、游戏资产、推文、新闻和现实世界中的物权的代币化，以数字形式拥有。

NFT is the ultimate manifestation of digital ownership. NFT can monetize, in digital form, any type of data, including art, music, game assets, tweets, news and property rights in the real world.

NFT已用于创建数字时尚、游戏资产、数字土地和房地产，有些创作者和艺术家甚至使用NFT来创作完全存在于区块链上的艺术。

NFT has been used to create digital fashion, game assets, digital land and real estate, and some creators and artists have even used NFT to create art that is fully embedded in the block chain.

游戏中的NFT

玩过游戏的就明白，游戏内资产是游戏生态系统的重要组成部分。玩家必须花钱购买游戏内资产，才能获得更好的游戏体验。但是，玩家永远无法真正拥有购买的资产，并按实时价值兑现。玩家永远无法将游戏内资产用于其他游戏，或在市场上出售换取数字货币。

When you play a game, it is understood that the assets in the game are an important part of the game ecosystem. Players have to spend money on the assets in the game to get a better game experience. But they can never really own the assets purchased and cash them at real-time value. Players can never use the assets in the game for other games or sell them on the market for digital money.

由于NFT的诞生，这种情况正在发生巨大变化。

This situation is changing dramatically with the birth of NFT.

大多数新开发的区块链游戏均使用NFT作为游戏内资产。假设你购买了一种NFT。那么你可以将其用于游戏、换成不同的资产，或在市场上出售换取实时价值。你是实际拥有这些NFT。NFT大大改变了游戏生态系统的运行方式。

Most of the newly developed block chain games use NFT as an asset in the game. Suppose you buy an NFT. Then you can use it for games, swap it for different assets, or sell it on the market for real-time value. You own these NFTs. NFT significantly changes how the game ecosystem works.

元宇宙中的NFT

NFT也是元宇宙发展的主要驱动力。用户可以以NFT形式“拥有”其数字环境、一宗虚拟土地或一份财产。这增加了一层全新的虚拟体验，是传统游戏中根本体验不到的。

NFT is also the main driving force in the development of the meta-cosm. Users can “own” their digital environment, a virtual land, or a property in the form of NFT. This adds a whole new virtual experience, which is simply not available in traditional games.

NFT真正改变了游戏规则。通过让我们拥有虚拟资产的数字所有权，数字生活与现实生活之间的边界逐渐模糊。

NFT really changes the rules of the game. By giving us digital ownership of virtual assets, the boundaries between digital life and real life are becoming blurred.

加密货币因急剧波动、价格剧烈起伏而闻名。考虑到波动性，使用加密货币来替代数字货币转移价值是不现实的。

Encrypted currencies are known for their volatility and price volatility. Given volatility, it is unrealistic to use encrypted currencies as a substitute for digital currency transfer values.

顾名思义，稳定币价格不变或保持稳定，主要目的是利用加密货币的优点，同时消除其波动性。

The main purpose of stabilizing currency prices, by definition, is to take advantage of the advantages of encrypted currencies while eliminating their volatility.

稳定币能够保持价值稳定，是因为有其他资产的支持。例如，热门稳定币泰达币(USDT)与美元挂钩。每一USDT都有一美元实际储备，这意味着USDT的价值和美元一样稳定。

Stable currency can maintain value stability because it is supported by other assets. For example, popular stabilization of the United States dollar (USDT) is pegged to the dollar. Every USDT has an actual reserve of one dollar, which means that the USDT is as stable as the dollar.

稳定币已成为去中心化金融生态系统的命脉，因为其稳定性对去中心化金融的各种功能至关重要。

Stable currencies have become the lifeblood of decentralized financial ecosystems, as their stability is essential to decentralizing the various functions of finance.