元宇宙：集成新一代信息技术稳健发展

　　元宇宙作为具有前瞻性和先导性的未来产业，具有市场潜力大、带动作用强等特性，或将深刻影响人类技术创新、经济发展、社会生活。自2021年发展元年开启，元宇宙概念体系逐渐清晰，在政策布局、产业发展、应用融合等方面也实现了诸多探索。

As a forward-looking and pioneering future industry, the meta-cosmos has the characteristics of a market with great potential, driving power, etc., or will have a profound impact on human technological innovation, economic development, and social life. Since the launch of the Year of Development in 2021, the contours of the meta-cosm have become increasingly clear, and much has been explored in terms of policy layout, industrial development, and integration of applications.

　　元宇宙概念认知逐步清晰

Conceptual understanding of the meta-cosmos is progressively clear

　　元宇宙是数字网络空间和物理世界的开放互联与深度融合宇宙的产物，是新一代信息技术集成创新和应用的未来产业，是数字经济与实体经济融合的高级形态，有望催生3D虚实融合的数字体验，形成以人为中心的沉浸式、实时永续、具备互操作性的互联网新业态，创造由数字“比特”与人类“原子”深度融合的新型社会景观，其概念内涵主要涉及技术、经济、社会多个层面。

The metaspace is the product of open interconnection and deep integration of the universe in digital cyberspace and the physical world. It is the future industry of new generations of information technology integration innovation and applications. It is an advanced form of integration of the digital economy with the real economy. It is expected to give rise to a digital experience of virtual integration of 3D, creating a new immersion, real-time sustainability and interoperable Internet industry with a view to creating a new social landscape that is deeply integrated by digital “bits” and human “atoms”, the conceptual content of which relates mainly to technical, economic and social dimensions.

　　从技术视角看，元宇宙是基于多种信息技术有机结合的沉浸式、自主化、虚实融合的数字网络空间。“多种信息技术”是指区块链、扩展现实（XR）、网络通信、人工智能、先进计算等技术。“沉浸式”强调用户身临其境的临场体验，主要涉及3D音视频、适人化终端与云服务平台。“自主化”是指用户可在一定程度上实现自主参与和自由交互，不再局限于类似传统游戏中预先规定好的内容叙事程式。

From a technical point of view, the meta-cosm is based on a multiplicity of information technology organically integrated digital network spaces. “Multiple information technologies” refer to block chains, extended reality (XR), network communications, artificial intelligence, advanced computing, etc. The immersion emphasizes the presence of users, mainly 3D audio videos, humanization terminals and cloud service platforms. “Autonomous” means that users can achieve some degree of autonomous participation and free interaction, and are no longer limited to content narratives that are predefined in similar traditional games.

　　从经济视角看，元宇宙是基于互联网平台价值重构、数字内容通证化、内容创作货币化、开放互通的新型经济体系。一方面，基于区块链分布式信任机制的“数字内容通证化”加速互联网经济活动水平贯通。用户可借助分布式身份等实现个人信息跨平台认定，依托数字藏品等实现数字物品资产所有权跨平台认定。另一方面，“内容创作货币化”反映出互联网内容主导权由平台企业向大众创作者（UGC）转移。

From an economic point of view, the metacosystem is based on a new economic system based on the re-establishment of Internet platform values, digital content hyphenation, monetization of content creation, and open interoperability. On the one hand, “digital content hyphenation” based on block-chain distribution trust mechanisms accelerates the convergence of Internet economic activity. Users can use distributed identities, etc. to achieve cross-platform ownership of digital goods, such as digital collections.

　　从社会视角看，元宇宙技术的社会嵌入或将推动社会生活发展演进，影响现有社会分工、社会传播与社会关系构型，有望创造一种新的、虚实融合的社会景观，并对现有网络社会产生影响，例如，加速人与数字信息的融合进程，增加众多新兴就业岗位等。

From a social perspective, the social embedding of meta-cosm technologies or the evolution of social life, which affects the existing social division of labour, social communication and social relations configurations, is expected to create a new, virtual and integrated social landscape and to have an impact on the existing network society, such as accelerating the integration of human and digital information and increasing the number of new and emerging jobs.

　　元宇宙政策布局路径分化

Paths to the layout of the meta-cosm policy

　　以美国为代表，聚焦重点领域的优势构建。在重大技术研判上，2021年6月，美国国会通过《2021年美国创新和竞争法案》，用于促进美国未来十年的科研创新，并将以先进的通信和XR为代表的沉浸式技术列入十项重大技术领域之一。在经济体系构建上，2022年3月，签署《确保数字资产负责任发展的行政命令》，表明美国推动构建基于美元的数字资产体系，强化数字资产风险防范，维持和保护美国在数字资产领域的领先地位。

On major technical studies, in June 2021, the US Congress passed the US Innovation and Competition Act 2021 to promote innovation in US research over the next decade, and to include advanced communications and XR-based immersion technologies in one of ten major technological areas. On economic architecture, in March 2022, the Executive Order to Ensure Responsible Development of Digital Assets was signed, demonstrating that the US is promoting a dollar-based digital asset system that enhances digital asset risk protection and preserves and protects America’s leading role in digital assets.

　　以韩国为代表，高举元宇宙发展旗帜。从技术创新、经济发展、社会民生全局开展元宇宙顶层设计，明确提出以元宇宙为政策落点的规划举措。2022年韩国政府公布《元宇宙新产业领先战略——培育数字新政2.0引领新产业发展》，提出到2026年，元宇宙产业规模居全球前五，专业人才不少于4万，50亿韩元以上元宇宙企业数量不少于220家，围绕生产生活诸多领域挖掘50个“元宇宙+”创新应用场景。

In 2022, the Korean government announced its New Universe Industry Leadership Strategy - Fostering Digital New Deal 2.0 to lead the new industry development, suggesting that by 2026, the Won cosmos industry would be the top five in the world, with no fewer than 40 million, and no less than 220 companies with more than 5 billion Won in expertise, digging up 50 “MEX+” innovative applications around many areas of productive life.

　　以欧盟为代表，强调规范与发展并重。一方面，不断加大对数字领域的监管力度，现有立法体系已覆盖加密资产、隐私保护、虚拟生成、市场垄断等元宇宙场景下的监管问题。此外，2023年6月，欧洲议会下辖部门发布元宇宙研究报告，指出元宇宙可能给公民生活、健康、工作和安全带来潜在挑战，建议构建更适应元宇宙的监管模式，兼顾创新合作和权利保障。另一方面，2023年7月，欧盟议会发布《Web4.0和虚拟世界的倡议》，提出推进虚实融合等技术的前瞻性部署，抢抓下一代互联网发展机遇。

In addition, in June 2023, the European Parliament published a study on the meta-cosmos, which identified potential challenges to citizens’ lives, health, work, and safety, suggesting that the meta-cosmos should be built into a more responsive regulatory model that takes into account innovative cooperation and security of rights. In July 2023, the EU Parliament launched the Web4.0 and Virtual World Initiative, which proposed forward-looking deployments of technologies, such as virtual integration, to seize the next generation of Internet development opportunities.

　　元宇宙产业体系已具雏形

　　从体系结构看，主要包括四部分，基础设施层旨在支撑元宇宙虚实融合世界的持久运行以及海量用户的群体互动，通信、算力与信任成为关键基础设施。平台赋能层提供元宇宙多元创新应用的技术驱动力，主要涉及云计算、电子商务等产业，可按照元宇宙技术类别划分为沉浸式计算云服务平台、数据资产及交易服务平台。前端体验层触发软硬协同的用户体验闭环，主要涉及智能终端、音视频产业，XR眼镜与3D沉浸视听成为元宇宙接入终端与视听内容的新形态。创新应用层旨在满足大众消费、行业赋能与公共服务方面的多元需求。

In terms of the structure of the system, there are four main components, the infrastructure layer is designed to support the sustainable operation of the meta-coastal world and the interaction of large user groups, and communication, arithmetic, and trust become critical infrastructure. The platform's enabling layer provides the technological drivers for multi-dimensional applications of innovation in the meta-cosm, mainly in such industries as cloud computing, e-commerce, etc., and can be divided into immersion platforms for calculating cloud services, data assets, and trade services according to meta-cosm technology categories. The front-end experience layer triggers closed loops for soft and collusive user experiences, mainly in smart terminals, audio-visual industries, and XR glasses and 3D submerging into new forms of meta-cosystem access terminals and audio-visual content.

　　从技术主线看，元宇宙不涉及某些从无到有的全新产业，而是加速了视听电子、智能硬件、网络通信、先进计算、人工智能等既有产业围绕元宇宙特征内涵和发展愿景进行自主演进，并初步形成两条技术驱动主线，一是以XR为代表的沉浸式技术将塑造前端体验层、平台赋能层中的沉浸式计算服务，二是基于区块链分布式信任技术有望助推平台赋能层中的数据资产与交易服务。

In terms of the technology backbone, the metacosystem does not involve some completely new industries, from nothing to nothing, but rather accelerates the autonomous evolution of established industries such as audio-visual electronics, smart hardware, network communications, advanced computing, artificial intelligence, etc. around a vision of meta-cosm properties and development, and initially forms two technology-driven backbones, one immersion technology, represented by XR, that will shape the front-end experience layer, the immersion computing service in the platform's enabling layer, and the other data assets and transaction services based on block-chain distribution confidence technologies that are expected to contribute to the platform's enabling layer.

　　元宇宙融合应用由浅入深

　　元宇宙相关技术已渗透至工业生产、文化旅游、教育培训等诸多行业，形成了一批各具特色的应用场景和创新实践，提升用户沉浸式体验，赋能企业提质增效。在工业生产领域，元宇宙应用已覆盖研发设计、生产制造、运行管理、售后服务等全流程，提供协同设计、数字孪生、现场巡检、虚拟培训、远程维保等服务，促进工业关键流程的数实融合。在文化旅游领域，面向行前规划、游中体验、游后营销服务等环节，已形成VR直播、数字人导览、AR营销、数字藏品等丰富多样的元宇宙应用，助力提升景区、商圈等吸引力，推动旅游业创新发展。在教育培训领域，虚拟课堂、虚拟实验室、虚拟实训等已应用在基础教育和职业教育等领域，提升教育培训效率与质量。例如学生可以在虚拟实验室进行科学实验，在虚拟课堂中探索历史事件的虚拟重现，通过互动体验激发学习兴趣和动力，增强知识吸收和理解效果。（作者 丛瑛瑛）

In the field of industrial production, meta-cosm applications have covered the entire spectrum of R & D design, manufacturing, operation management, after-sales services, providing services such as co-design, digital students, on-site inspections, virtual training, distance maintenance, etc., to promote the integration of several key processes in industry. In the field of cultural tourism, special applications such as pre-cursor planning, in-hospital experience, post-hospital marketing services have resulted in a rich variety of meta-cosm applications, such as VR live broadcasts, digital guides, AR marketing, digital collections, etc., which have helped to enhance the attraction of landscapes, business circles, etc., and to promote tourism innovation. In the field of educational training, virtual classrooms, virtual laboratories, virtual hands-on training, etc., have been applied in the areas of basic education and vocational education to enhance the efficiency and quality of educational training.