下面的观点是由Jonald Fyookball写的。
The point below is written by Donald Fyookball.
你应该已经听说过比特币现金——它是比特币和以太坊这些主流加密货币的一种。但是它为什么会存在呢?是一种更便宜的比特币复制品吗?拉高出货的计划吗?试图劫持比特币的品牌攻击比特币吗?在我看来，情况正好相反。比特币现金是比特币在被一小撮“Core 开发者”接手前应该有的样子。
You've heard of Bitcoin cash & mdash; — it's one of these mainstream encrypted currencies of Bitcoin and Etheria. But why does it exist? Is it a cheaper bitcoin replica?
为什么比特币现金会诞生?
Why was Bitcoin born in cash?
比特币现金的诞生不是出于贪婪、欺诈、或者投机，而是出于社区的热情。他们希望看到比特币继续成为点对点的电子现金。8月1日的硬分叉，引起了双方非常强烈的情绪。尽管我承认自己有个人偏见，但我依旧相信“比特币现金是真正的比特币”，以下是支持这一观点的12个客观理由。
Bitcoin cash was born not out of greed, fraud, or speculation, but out of the enthusiasm of the community. They wanted to see Bitcoin continue to be a point-to-point electronic cash. The hard split of August 1 caused a very strong sentiment on both sides.
理由1：比特币的交易费应该很低
Reason 1: Bitcoin transaction costs should be low
比特币在早期被吹捧为全球支付的低费用解决方案。如果没有这方面的优势，它对用户是没有任何吸引力的。比特币的创造者中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto)甚至说：“我们至少应该允许一些免费交易”。不过，Bitcoin core(BCE)的支持者已经忘了这一点。例如：Bitcoin.org网站最近更新，已经放弃了低收费。
Bitcoin was aired as a low-cost solution for the world at an early stage. Without this advantage, it would not be attractive to users. Bitcoin’s creators even said: &ldquao; we should allow at least some free transactions & rdquao; but supporters of Bitcoin core (BCE) have forgotten this. For example, Bitcoin.org’s website has recently been updated and low fees have been waived.
在写这篇文章的时候，BTC的交易费大约是10美元，根据bitinfocharts.com的数据，最近这笔交易的费用最高可达50美元。
At the time of writing, the BTC's transaction fee was approximately US$ 10 and, according to the bitinfocharts.com data, the most recent cost of the transaction was up to US$ 50.
从去年12月以来，虽然交易费已有所下降，但毫无疑问的是如果有更多用户想要进行交易转账，那交易费必将再次上涨。相比之下，比特币现金交易费则基本上保持在1 sat/byte。经过相关技术团队测试，即使交易量激增交易费也没有明显的增加。
Since December, while transaction costs have declined, there is no doubt that if more users want to make transaction transfers, the transaction costs will rise again. By contrast, Bitcoin’s cash transaction costs will remain essentially at 1 sat/byte.
理由2：比特币应该是一个可靠的交易网络
这跟比特币高交易费源于同一原因，都是限制比特币交易能力的致命决定造成的。由于比特币处理交易的能力极其有限，除非你愿意支付比其他人更高的交易费，否则你一般是无法在下一个比特币区块进行交易确认。
This is the same reason that Bitcoin’s high transaction costs stem from the deadly decision to limit Bitcoin’s ability to do business. Because bitcoin’s ability to handle transactions is extremely limited, unless you are willing to pay higher transaction costs than others, you will generally not be able to make a transaction confirmation in the next bitcoin block.
最终结果就是比特币网络并不可靠，很多时候你根本无法进行交易。即使你支付了很高的费用，你的交易也有可能数小时后或数天后才完成，因为其他用户会付出更高的费用在你之前进行交易确认。
The end result is that the Bitcoin network is unreliable, and most of the time you can’t do business at all. Even if you pay a lot of money, your deal is likely to be done in hours or days, because other users will pay more to confirm the transaction before you do.
在以前，如果你的交易在72小时内被区块打包，那么它将从mempool中删除，你的这些交易资金将被返回到你的钱包中。这中间你可能要等待两周，你的资金可能会被困两周，期间你也不知道你的交易是否通过了。
In the old days, if your deal was packed by blocks within 72 hours, it would be removed from the mempol, and your transaction funds would be returned to your wallet. In the middle, you might wait two weeks, you might be stuck for two weeks, and you wouldn't know if your deal had passed.
而比特币现金却是相反，因为拥有足够大的区块和值得信赖的交易能力，则是一个完整可靠的交易网络。
The opposite is true of Bitcoin cash, which is a complete and reliable trading network with sufficiently large blocks and trusted trading capacity.
理由3：比特币应该是“点对点电子现金系统”
比特币白皮书标题为:“比特币：点对点电子现金系统”。
The White Paper by Bitcoin is entitled: &ldquao; Bitcoin: Point-to-Point Electronic Cash System & rdquao;
在回想比特币最初设计的场景时,它是非常令人兴奋的,地球上任何个人可以从任何地方寄钱给在任何地方的任何人，快速交易，没有高额费用，不需经过任何中心化第三方机构。这一切都是关于点对点电子现金的廉价、快速和安全的愿望，而这一切都是为了能够支付流通。
Looking back at the scene originally designed by Bitcoin, it was very exciting that any individual on the planet could send money from anywhere to anyone anywhere, fast-trading, with no high cost, and without any centralization of third-party institutions. All this was about the cheap, fast, and safe desire to match electronic cash, all in order to be able to pay for the flow.
现在由于BCE的交易费用暴涨，它的支持者们已经不再保持这种说法。他们现在说比特币是“数字黄金”,其主要用途是“储值”。不仅比特币的原始价值被抛弃和扭曲，这种新的开发路线甚至没有任何意义。如果它是“数字黄金”，只是因为人们相信它，而不是因为它有用，那么它与郁金香泡沫并没有很大的差别。
Now that BCE’s transaction costs have soared, its supporters no longer maintain this. They now say that Bitcoin is “ digital gold & rdquao; its main use is & & & & & rdquao; & storage value & & rdquao;. Not only is Bitcoin’s original value discarded and distorted, this new development route has no meaning. If it is & & & & rdquao; it is simply because people believe it, not because it works, it is no big difference from tulip bubbles.
比特币现金则继续秉持比特币的点对点电子现金系统的发展路线。
Bitcoin cash, on the other hand, continues to follow the development course of the Bitcoin point-to-point electronic cash system.
理由4：比特币本应该坚持“链上扩容”
在中本聪写给世界的第一封电子邮件中，他公布了比特币白皮书。在他的第二封电子邮件中，他解释了网络如何能够轻松地扩展，而不需要对网络增加任何网络设计或重大变化。
In his first e-mail to the world, he published the Bitcoin White Paper. In his second e-mail, he explained how the network could easily expand without adding any network design or major changes.
目前BTC的1M区块大小可以被看做是一个笑话，因为该限制1000倍以上都已经被证明可以在高端笔记本电脑上工作。一些研究人员甚至提出，TB级区块在技术上和经济上都是可行的!
The current size of BTC's 1M block can be seen as a joke, because more than 1,000 times the limit has been shown to work on high-end laptops. Some researchers even argue that TB block is technically and economically feasible.
可悲的是，对于比特币来说，core开发人员从来没有给过增加区块大小的机会，而是在允许反对的情况下采取了更加一意孤行的做法。最明显的谎言之一是，大多数用户需要运行自己的完整节点。这在理论和实践中都是错误的。他们声称，更大的区块使得运行验证节点变得更加困难，但这并不是让比特币安全的条件，也不是实现比特币去中心化的条件。只有挖掘节点投入算力才能保护比特币网络。大多数用户都可以像Electrum一样运行SPV钱包，他们会很好。
Tragically, for Bitcoin, the core developers never gave the opportunity to increase the size of the blocks, but instead took a more determined approach in cases where opposition was allowed. One of the most obvious lies is that most users need to run their full nodes. This is wrong in theory and practice. They claim that larger blocks make it more difficult to run the authentication nodes, but they are not a condition for keeping bitcoins safe or for centralizing bitcoins.
core团队不允许比特币进行链上扩容，而是希望添加所谓的“第二层解决方案”，比如闪电网络。但这对比特币的设计来说是一个极端的改变。闪电网络不仅增加了网络复杂度，而且还从根本上改变了比特币的安全模型和经济效益，以前这一切都是基于挖矿。
Instead of allowing Bitcoin to expand on the chain, the core team wants to add so-called &ldquao; second-tier solutions & & rdquao; for example, a lightning network. But this is an extreme change in the design of bitcoin.
比特币现金则在白皮书最初的设计中保持不变，简单的进行区块扩大至足够强壮，并和合理的效率优化结合在一起。
Bitcoin cash, for its part, remained unchanged in the original design of the White Paper, with a simple expansion of blocks to be strong enough and combined with reasonable efficiency optimization.
理由5：比特币应该允许即时交易
Reason 5: Bitcoin should allow instantaneous transactions
一旦一个矿工将比特币交易打包在一个区块中，交易就会被确认。未被包含在一个区块中的事务是未被确认的，但很快就会被打包在下一个区块中。以前商家接受比特币交易的支付行为是有效的，甚至是“0-conf”(0等待确认)。而且比特币小型交易都是相对安全的。现在，如果你的交易将被确认，但由于网络拥塞导致的不确定性，那么0-conf的安全性和可靠性就彻底没有了。
Once a miner wraps a bitcoin deal in a block, the transaction is confirmed. The matter that is not included in one block is not confirmed, but it will soon be packed in the next. Previously, merchants accepted the payment of the bitcoin transaction as valid, even “ 0-conf” (0 waiting to be confirmed). And the bitcoin small transactions are relatively safe. Now, if your transaction is confirmed, the security and reliability of 0-conf is completely lost because of the uncertainty caused by network congestion.
更糟糕的是，BCE推出了一项名为“替代收费”(RBF)的功能。它试图通过允许用户使用更多费用来代替他们的交易解决一些高收费的问题。结果是，它造成了双重开销，这实际上终止了0-conf的交易。
Worse still, BCE introduced a function called & ldquo; an alternative charge & & rdquo; (RBF). It tried to solve some of the high charges by allowing users to use more fees instead of their transactions. As a result, it caused double costs, which effectively ended 0-conf transactions.
比特币现金不使用RBF，网络也不拥挤，使得0-conf再次成为可能。
Bitcoin cash is not used in the RBF and the network is not crowded, making it possible once again for 0-conf.
理由6：比特币现金应用正在增加，BCE正在失去商家支持
Reason 6: Bitcoin cash applications are increasing and BCE is losing business support
尽管一些人已经通过投资比特币获得高额回报，但比特币被创造不是为了让人们一夜致富的。比特币的目的是创造一种更好的货币形式。为了发展比特币经济，就意味着要让越来越多的商家采用新的支付系统。 Although some people have already earned high returns by investing in bitcoin, bitcoin was not created to make people rich overnight. Bitcoin was designed to create a better form of currency. 由于高昂的交易费和糟糕的用户体验，比特币遗产(BCE)一直在不断退步，失去了商家支持。戴尔(Dell)、微软(Microsoft)和蒸汽公司(Steam)都是曾经接受比特币(Bitcoin)的知名企业，但现在他们已经停止接受BCE支付。 Due to high transaction costs and poor user experience, the Bitcoin heritage (BCE) has been declining and lost business support. Dell, Microsoft, and Steam are well-known companies that used to accept Bitcoin, but they have now stopped receiving BCE payments. 与此同时，接受比特币现金的商家正在迅速增加，每天都有新的商家增加。 At the same time, the number of vendors receiving currency cash is increasing rapidly, with new businesses increasing every day. 理由7：比特币的本意是为银行提供无银行账户 比特币是一个人道主义项目。它有可能帮助那些无法获得现代银行业服务的数十亿人。这种潜力受到了像布道者Andreas Antonopoulos的热烈拥护，直到比特币的高额费用让它变得不再可能。 Bitcoin is a humanitarian project. It has the potential to help billions of people who do not have access to modern banking services. This potential is enthusiastically embraced by preacher Andreas Antonopoulos until the high cost of Bitcoin makes it impossible. 生活在第三世界国家的人们通常每天只靠几美元生活，当然也付不起10美元的银行开户费用。然而，比特币现金使“银行无账户”再次成为可能。 People living in third world countries usually live on only a few dollars a day, and certainly cannot afford to pay $10 for bank openings. However, Bitcoin cash makes & ldquo; banks have no accounts & rdquo; again it is possible. 原因8：Bitcoin Core 的开发是中心化的
去中心化是比特币的主要特点之一。不仅仅是去中心化商家、用户和矿工，开发权也应该是去中心化的，不应该有一个小群人决定整个网络应该是如何运作的。然而，比特币已经被称为“core”的开发小组控制了比特币的代码控制权。
Decentralization is one of the main features of Bitcoin. It is not just centralists, users, and miners. The right to develop should also be centralized, and there should not be a small group of people deciding how the entire network should function. However, Bitcoin has been called &ldquao; core&rdquao; and the development team controls Bitco’s code control.
尽管数以百计的人都参与了core团队，但是只有极少数人(大约5人)有权限进行代码变更。“任何人都可以参与”的概念只存在于你认同了他们决定的发展路线的时候。当然这也是避免不了的，每个项目都需要一个决策者。去中心化开发权的不是表现在一个团队中有400个参与者，而是要有几个技术团队相互竞争。
Although hundreds of people are on the core team, very few (about five) have the authority to change codes. & ldquo; anyone can participate in ” the concept exists only when you agree with the course of development they decide. Of course, it is inevitable that each project needs a decision-maker.
这就是比特币现金的现状，有几个开发团队共同开发。
This is the status quo of Bitcoin cash, developed jointly by several development teams.
虽然Bitcoin ABC是第一个参与并主导比特币现金开发工作的团队，也是目前最具影响力的。但是除此之外，还有BU,XT, Parity,和Bitprim等相关团队，这些技术团队将与比特币现金社区和矿工共同拥有开发权，最终做出决策。
Although Bitcoin ABC is the first and currently the most influential team to participate in and lead the Bitcoin cash development effort, there are also relevant teams such as BU, XT, Parity, and Bitprim, which will share the development rights with the Bitcoin cash community and the miners and ultimately make decisions.
理由9：比特币现金允许价值的组合与分割
Reason 9: Combining and dividing the permissible value of Bitcoin cash
中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto)的原始白皮书经受住了时间的考验，仍然是比特币最重要的技术层面的参考。论文中经常被忽略的部分是第9节：价值的组合和分割。当你使用比特币的时候，你通常会将一部分未使用的输出分成两部分，一个用于支付，另一个用于找零。当比特币被接收时，如果有不止一个输出，它就被组合起来。
The original White Paper of Satoshi Nakamoto has stood the test of time and remains a reference for the most important technical aspects of Bitcoin. The frequently overlooked part of the paper is Section 9: Combining and Splitting Values. When you use Bitcoin, you usually divide part of the unused output into two parts, one to pay for it and the other to find zeros. When Bitcoin is received, it is combined if there is more than one output.
这种情况一直都在发生，即使你可能不这么想。然而，高昂的比特币费用使得将未使用的输出结合起来非常昂贵。10美元的费用可以变成100美元的费用，或者更糟。因此，功能受到了阻碍。当用户通过最小化他们的交易来蹑手蹑脚地绕过这个问题时，货币的隐私性和可替代性也受到了损害。
This has been happening all the time, even if you may not think so. However, high bitcoin costs make it very expensive to combine unused output. Ten dollars can turn into $100, or worse. As a result, functionality is hampered.
但是，小心翼翼地只是仅此而已。你可能会惊讶地发现，在使用的所有比特币地址中，高达55%甚至都不是可使用的，因为它们的金额比将这些资金合并到交易中的成本要小。
But being careful is just that. You might be surprised to find that up to 55 per cent of all bitcoins used are not even usable, because they are less expensive than consolidating those funds into the transaction.
比特币现金没有这些问题，它允许用户自由地拆分和组合他们的资产。
Bitcoin cash is free of these problems and allows users to split and group their assets freely.
理由10：比特币现金是一种审查制度。
BCE支持者的一个重要观点是，高收费是值得的，因为比特币区块链是具有审查制度的。如果你要转移大量的资金，并且支付得起高昂的费用，这可能是值得的。但对世界其他国家来说，用区块链定价是经济审查的精髓。
An important argument of BCE supporters is that high fees are worth it, because the Bitcoin block chain is subject to censorship. If you want to transfer large amounts of money and afford high costs, it may be worth it.
第二层解决方案，即闪电网络，没有多大帮助。它天生就容易受到经济审查的影响， 因为网络结构将围绕大型的，高度互联的枢纽而联合起来。这些中心越来越大，转账业务也将面临越来越大的监管压力，而且不能有效地按照它们存在的原因进行有效转移。
The second tier of solutions, the Lightning Network, does not help much. It is inherently vulnerable to economic censorship, because the network structure will unite around large, highly interconnected hubs. These centres are growing, and transfer operations will face increasing regulatory pressures and are not effectively transferred according to the reasons for their existence.
在这两种系统中，只有原始的基于区块链的比特币系统，其收费低廉，真正具有审查的能力。这个系统就是比特币现金。
In both systems, there is only the original block-based bitcoin system, which is inexpensive and genuinely capable of censorship. The system is bitcoin cash.
理由11：比特币被定义为数字签名链
这是本文中最技术的一节，所以如果您不完全理解它，请不要担心。
This is the most technical section of the paper, so if you do not fully understand it, don't worry.
BCE采用了一种被称为“隔离见证”(Segweit Witness)的提议，简称“SegWit”。SegWit搜集了每笔交易的数字签名，并将它们转移到区块链的一个单独的(即分离的)部分。
BCE uses a proposal called & ldquo; Isolation Witness & rdquo; Segweit Witness, & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; SegWit collects digital signatures for each transaction and transfers them to a separate (i.e., separated) part of the block chain.
在比特币白皮书中，中本聪写道:“我们将电子货币定义为数字签名链”。但是SegWit改变了这一点。
In the Bitcoin White Paper, he wrote: &ldquao; we defined electronic currency as a digital signature chain & rdquao; but SegWit changed that.
下图说明了不同之处。这是由Peter Rizun博士于2017年发表的题为“SegWit不是比特币”的演讲。
The figure below illustrates the difference. This is a speech by Dr. Peter Rizun in 2017 entitled & ldquao; SegWit is not Bitcoin&rdquao.
Rizun博士解释说:
Dr. Rizun explained:
在比特币中，签名是链的组成部分。Carol只能验证完整的所有权链存在,因为如果所有的签名中有一个签名是失踪，链式分解，是没有办法通过的。但是SegWit是不一样的，因为签名都在链的外面。如果连签名都不存在，或者甚至没有一个签名是真实存在的，那么Carol仍然可以验证链的保管。我用的是监护权这个词，而不是所有权链，因为SegWit真的只显示了监护权。
In bitcoin, the signature is part of the chain. Carol can only verify the existence of a complete chain of title, because there is no way to pass if one of all the signatures is missing and the chain is broken. But SegWit is different, because the signature is outside the chain. If even the signature does not exist, or even one does exist, Carol can still verify the chain’s custody. I use the word guardianship, not the chain of title, because SegWit really only shows custody.
BCE支持者将反驳这一说法，称其结构是不相关的，因为矿工不接受没有有效签名的区块。但这并不是故事的全部。这导致了一场更深入的讨论，包括矿工们甚至不再需要下载签名(因为他们现在是独立于交易的)，这就阻碍了矿工们的验证。因此，安全激励措施发生了危险的转变。
BCE supporters will reject this claim, arguing that its structure is irrelevant, because miners do not accept blocks without valid signatures. But this is not the whole story.
从理论上讲，SegWit可能最终导致一个意想不到的连锁反应，例如一个矿池的攻击，异常的丢失签名，丢失资金或者审查的交易。这是比特币有史以来最复杂的变化，包含了几十个文件和数千行代码。
Theoretically, SegWit may eventually lead to an unexpected chain reaction, such as a pond attack, an unusual loss of signatures, a loss of funds, or a review of transactions. This is the most complex change in Bitcoin’s history, containing dozens of documents and thousands of lines of code.
https://news.bitcoin.com/12-reasons-bitcoin-cash-real-bitcoin/
原作者：Jonald Fyookball，Electron Cash开发者。
Original author: Donald Fyookball, Electron Cash Developer.
即使你相信SegWit是一个好主意，但是这与最初的比特币设计的代码相比很明显是一个巨大的改变。比特币现金拒绝了SegWit，并在SegWit激活之前分叉，保持了区块链的完整性。
Even if you believe that SegWit is a good idea, it's clearly a huge change from the original bitcoin code. Bitcoin cash rejects SegWit and splits fork before SegWit activates, preserving the integrity of the block chain.
理由12：比特币现金将允许智能合约
Reason 12: Bitcoin Cash will allow smart contracts
在比特币的早期，“钱只是这项新技术的第一个应用”，讽刺了很多比特币专家。但许多允许智能合约开发的比特币脚本操作码(opcode)被禁用。
In the early days of Bitcoin, &ldquao; money is only the first application of this new technology & & rdquao; and a lot of bitcoin experts are sarcastic. But many of the bitcode scripts that allow smart contracts to be developed are disabled.
这就是为什么Vitalik Buterin离开比特币去创建以太坊。core开发者告诉他，他的想法和计划不受BCE欢迎。而今天，以太坊会作为一个智能合约平台却占据主导地位。
That's why Vitalik Buterin left Bitcoin to create Ether. The core developer told him that his ideas and plans were not welcome to BCE. Today, the Etherms are dominant as a platform for intelligent contracts.
比特币现金则计划重新引入比特币的包括智能合约在内的一些功能，使各种令人兴奋的项目得以实现。
Bitcoin cash, for its part, plans to re-introduce some of the Bitcoin functions, including smart contracts, to enable exciting projects to be realized.
变革之风需要时间
很多人甚至一些业内资深人士，都不太了解比特币现金。他们不明白，几年前存在的比特币和现在已经有了根本的不同。比特币还保留着品牌名称，简称，先发优势以及巨大的网络效应。这些事情需要时间来克服。 A lot of people, even senior industry people, don't know much about bitcoin cash. They don't understand that bitcoin, which existed a few years ago, is fundamentally different from what it is now. Bitcoin still has brand names, acronyms, pre-optimal advantages, and huge network effects. These things take time to overcome. 无论将来发生什么，我都100%相信某种形式的点对点电子现金最终将以任何名义的形式出现。 Whatever happens in the future, I am 100 per cent confident that some form of point-to-point electronic cash will eventually appear in any nominal form.
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