网络文明丨区块链

区块链作为新基建的技术之一，

The chain of blocks is one of the new building technologies.

被视为下一代互联网的底层技术，

It is considered the bottom-of-the-line technology of the next generation of the Internet.

区块链技术真正落地应用，

The technology of the chain of blocks is really on the ground.

也给整个社会带来了

It's brought to society as a whole.

重大的创新机遇。

Significant innovation opportunities.

什么是区块链

What's a block chain?

区块链，就是一个又一个区块组成的链条。每一个区块中保存了一定的信息，它们按照各自产生的时间顺序连接成链条。这个链条被保存在所有的服务器中，只要整个系统中有一台服务器可以工作，整条区块链就是安全的。这些服务器在区块链系统中被称为节点，它们为整个区块链系统提供存储空间和算力支持。如果要修改区块链中的信息，必须征得半数以上节点的同意并修改所有节点中的信息，而这些节点通常掌握在不同的主体手中，因此篡改区块链中的信息是一件极其困难的事。

The chain of blocks is a chain of blocks after another. Each block contains a certain amount of information that is connected to the chain according to the chronological order in which it is generated. The chain is preserved on all servers, as long as there is a server in the entire system that can work, the whole block chain is secure. These servers are called nodes in the block chain system, and they provide storage space and arithmetic support for the entire block chain system. To modify the information in the block chain, it is necessary to obtain the consent of more than half of the nodes and to modify the information in all nodes, which are usually in the hands of different subjects, so it is extremely difficult to tamper with the information in the block chain.

相比于传统的网络，区块链具有两大核心特点：数据难以篡改和去中心化。基于这两个特点，区块链所记录的信息更加真实可靠，可以帮助解决人们互不信任的问题。

The block chain has two core features: data are difficult to manipulate and decentralize. On the basis of these two characteristics, the information recorded in the block chain is more reliable and can help resolve mistrust.

实践与应用

Practice and application

区块链的应用十分广泛。比如，用区块链来进行商品溯源，记录进口奶粉、红酒等商品的信息，以确保到达消费者手中的不是假冒伪劣产品；与法院合作，用区块链来留存违法犯罪的证据。另外，区块链在艺术品交易、版权贸易、数字房产证、数字签名、公益募捐等领域也得到了应用。

Block chains are widely used. For example, block chains are used to trace merchandise, record information on imports of goods such as milk powder, wine, etc., to ensure that they do not reach consumers under false pretences; in cooperation with the courts, block chains are used to preserve evidence of offences.

区块链被用于促进废品回收

Block chains are used to facilitate recycling of waste products

据西班牙《先锋报》网站报道，巴塞罗那诺萨马公司的Plastiks平台，使用区块链技术来促进世界各地的废品管理者、回收者和再生塑料买家进行交易。

According to the Spanish Pioneer website, the Plastiks platform of Barcelona Nosama uses block chain technology to facilitate the trade of waste managers, recyclers and regenerative plastic buyers around the world.

区块链在司法应用领域的创新实践不断涌现

Innovative practices in the area of administration of justice are emerging in the block chain.

日前，江苏省高级人民法院表示，江苏法院区块链节点已经存证电子材料、业务信息等数据377.9万份，上链法院83家。截至目前，在“区块链+司法”应用领域，已有北京、杭州、广州、石家庄多地人民法院布局区块链平台。据了解，自区块链存证的电子证据合法性首次被承认以来，区块链在推进解决取证难、存证难、认证难问题上应用已经初见成效。

According to the Jiangsu Provincial High People's Court, 3,779,000 electronic materials, business information, etc., have been recorded at the Jiangsu Court District Chain Node and 83 at the Upper Chain Court. To date, the People's Court of Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, and Ishijia Dao Dao have set up a sector chain platform in the area of application of the Blocks + Justice. It is known that since the first recognition of the legality of the electronic evidence in the Blocks Chain, the sector chains have been used to facilitate the resolution of evidentiary, evidentiary and authentication difficulties.

区块链技术融入基层村域

Integration of block chain technology into grass-roots village areas

3月28日，大河报·大河财立方记者获悉，河南、河北和湖北三省11个村委会已入驻“数字乡民”项目，上线了“数字乡民艺术卡”，推介当地乡村特色和风光。用户在购买这些数字藏品的同时，还拥有“数字乡民”荣誉称号，在村里旅游时可免费吃饭。“数字乡民”项目有关负责人介绍，项目首次尝试将区块链技术融入基层村域，和乡村集体经济相结合，借助网络拍卖平台的受众和技术优势，向全国推广各地乡村特色，通过开发数字文旅产品，助力数字乡村建设。

On 28 March, a journalist from the Greater River newspaper, the Financial Cube of the Greater River, was informed that 11 village councils in Henan, Hebei and Hubei provinces had been placed in the “Digital Village People” project, which had been launched to promote the characteristics and winds of the local village. Users also had the honorary title of “Digital Villages” while purchasing these figures. The head of the “Digital Villages” project introduced the project as a first attempt to integrate block-chain technology into the grass-roots village area, combining the village economy with the audience and technical advantages of a web auction platform, to promote local village identity throughout the country, and to assist in the construction of digital villages through the development of digital traveler products.

“数字乡民”项目生成的链上数字艺术作品

Digital art on the chain generated by the “Digital Villagers” project

区块链技术助力破获电信诈骗案

Block chain technology to solve cases of telecommunications fraud

近年来，不少打着虚拟货币投资旗号的电信诈骗出现。事实上，此类电信诈骗并非完全隐身，应用区块链技术有助于相关部门追根溯源，实现源头治理，守住老百姓的“钱袋子”。例如火币集团旗下无极实验室及其自研的“占星”系统，专注于链上情报分析、安全攻防对抗及风控策略研究，助力区块链网络安全治理。“占星”系统已积累链上数据、安全情报数据及事件分析数据超过10亿条，可识别的地址数量超过1.5亿个，其中在实验室追踪并标记的恶意地址超过25万条，类型涵盖暗网、资金盘、杀猪盘等。

In recent years, a number of telecommunications frauds have emerged under the guise of virtual money investment. Indeed, such telecommunications frauds are not entirely invisible, and the application of block-chain technology has helped the relevant sectors to trace their roots, manage their source, and maintain the popular “money bags”. For example, the Untied Laboratory under the flag of the Flame Group and its self-researched “starry” system, which focuses on chain intelligence analysis, security defense countermeasures, and wind control strategy studies, and support network security management.

区块链技术助推智慧民航建设

Block chain technology for intelligent civil aviation construction

5月16日，南航在中国民航使用区块链技术的电子签名维修记录在广州亮相，由此告别传统的纸质记录模式，开启无纸化电子记录新时代。南航使用区块链和人脸识别技术，开发无纸化电子签名系统。该举措将进一步提高飞机运行安全性，助推智慧民航建设。

On May 16, South China’s electronic signature maintenance using block chain technology in China’s civil aviation was recorded in Guangzhou, leaving behind the traditional paper-based record-keeping model and opening a new era of paperless electronic record-keeping. South China’s use of block chain and face-recognition technology led to the development of paperless electronic signature systems.

南航GAMECO航线机务工作人员使用手机APP签署电子维修记录。图源新华网

Xinhua Network.

区块链技术应用于数字藏品

Block chain technology applied to digital collections

4月15日，厦门轨道集团发布“厦门地铁数字纪念票”及碳积分体系。据悉，“厦门地铁数字纪念票”是国内轨道交通领域首次借助区块链技术加密发行的数字纪念地铁票。借助区块链技术，每张厦门地铁数字纪念票都有专属的序列号，相关信息一经上链不可篡改，具备唯一性，是个人专属收藏品。

On April 15, the Xiamen Orbital Group issued the Xiamen Metro Digital Medal and the Carbon Score System. The Xiamen Metro Digital Medal is known to be the first digital metro ticket to be issued in the country's orbital field, encrypted by block chain technology. With block chain technology, each Xiamen Metro Digital Medal has a unique serial number, and the information is unique and personal.

厦门地铁数字纪念票

Xiamen Metro Digital Medals

部署与规划

Deployment and planning

中央网信办等十六部门联合公布国家区块链创新应用试点名单

16 departments, including the Central Networking Office, jointly publish a pilot list of innovative applications of national block chains

为深入开展区块链创新应用工作，中央网信办秘书局、中央宣传部办公厅、最高人民法院办公厅、最高人民检察院办公厅、教育部办公厅、工业和信息化部办公厅等十六部门近日联合印发通知，公布经地方和部门推荐、专家评审、网上公示等程序确定的15个综合性和164个特色领域国家区块链创新应用试点名单。

In order to further develop the innovative application of the block chain, the Secretariat of the Central Network, the Offices of the Ministry of Communication, the Supreme People's Court, the Office of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Industry and Informationization, among others, have issued a joint circular in recent days, publishing a list of 15 pilot applications for innovative applications of the integrated and 164 country-specific clusters, as determined by local and departmental recommendations, expert reviews and online publicity procedures.

国务院：鼓励平台企业加快人工智能、区块链等领域技术研发突破

State Department: Encourage platform enterprises to accelerate technological breakthroughs in areas such as artificial intelligence, block chains, etc.

日前，国务院发布《关于印发扎实稳住经济一揽子政策措施的通知》，其中要求促进平台经济规范健康发展，鼓励平台企业加快人工智能、云计算、区块链、操作系统、处理器等领域技术研发突破。

The State Council has recently issued a circular on the issuance of a solid economic policy package, which calls for the promotion of the platform's economic norms for healthy development and encourages the platform's enterprises to accelerate technological breakthroughs in areas such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, block chains, operating systems and processors.

《最高人民法院关于加强区块链司法应用的意见》发布

Opinion of the Supreme People's Court on strengthening the application of the block chain of justice issued

5月25日，最高人民法院发布《最高人民法院关于加强区块链司法应用的意见》，进一步推进人民法院运用以区块链为代表的关键技术加速人民法院数字化变革、创造更高水平数字正义，促进法治与科技深度融合发展、推动智慧法治建设迈向更高层次。

On 25 May, the Supreme People's Court issued the Opinion of the Supreme People's Court on Enhancing the Use of the Block Chain of Justice, further advancing the People's Court's application of the key technologies represented by the Block Chain to accelerate the digital transformation of the People's Court, create a higher level of digital justice, promote the rule of law and the deep integration of science and technology into development, and promote the construction of the intelligent rule of law at a higher level.

区块链在河北

The block chain is north of the river.

雄安新区：区块链护航 数字技术改变生活

Yuan New Zone: block chain escort. Digital technology changes life.

雄安新区积极部署区块链技术，为此专门成立了雄安区块链实验室。为了避免资金在使用过程中的截留或者挪用风险，开发了政府投资项目资金管理区块链系统，实现资金的精准拨付、及时拨付和透明拨付，截至目前已经完成政府投资资金支付200多亿元，惠及农民工约18万人次，未来，“区块链+数字人民币”在雄安新区的应用会变得越来越广。

In order to avoid the risk of funds being diverted or diverted, a system of blocks for the management of government investment projects has been developed to allow for the accurate, timely and transparent disbursement of funds. To date, more than 20 billion yuan in government investment funds have been disbursed, benefiting about 180,000 farmers.

《河北省数字经济促进条例》

Regulation on the Promotion of the Digital Economy in Hebei Province

县级以上人民政府及其工业和信息化主管部门、发展改革部门，县级以上网信部门、省通信管理部门等应当按照全省数字产业发展要求，结合本地实际，制定政策措施，加快发展电子信息制造业、软件和信息服务业、电信广播电视和卫星传输服务业、互联网服务业，重点推动现代通信、新型显示、半导体材料与器件、汽车电子及产品、软件产品及服务、人工智能及智能装备、网络安全等新一代信息技术产业发展，培育区块链、量子信息、虚拟现实等产业。

The people's government at and above the county level and its industrial and information-reform authorities, the development of reform departments, the online information sector at the county level, the provincial communications administration, etc., should adopt policy measures to accelerate the development of the electronic information manufacturing industry, software and information services, telecommunications television and satellite transmission services, Internet services, with a focus on modern communications, new displays, semiconductor materials and devices, automobile electronics and products, software products and services, artificial intelligence and smart equipment, network security, etc., in accordance with the requirements of the digital industry development throughout the province, taking into account local realities, so as to foster the new generation of information technology industries, such as sector chains, quantum information, virtual reality, etc.

《河北省加强现代先进测量体系建设实施方案》

Implementation programme for the strengthening of the modern and advanced measurement system in Hebei Province

开展先进测量仪器设备研发和应用。推动量子芯片、物联网、区块链、人工智能等新技术在测量仪器设备中的应用，积极推进测量仪器设备智能化、网络化。

Develop and apply advanced measuring instrument equipment. Promote the application of new technologies such as quantum chips, object networking, block chains and artificial intelligence in measuring instrument equipment, and actively promote the intellectualization and networking of measuring instrument equipment.

原标题：《网络文明丨区块链》

Original title: Cybercivilization Block Chains

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