比特币让人“疯狂”,也让虚拟货币走入大众视野。比特币从2009年的0.00076美元/枚,到2017年12月17日最高19780美元,涨幅以万倍计……利益的诱惑是巨大的,随之而来的,是市面上各种效仿比特币的新型币种开始“狂轰乱炸”。
Bitcoin makes people “crazy” and brings virtual money into public view. Bitcoin started to “blow and blow” from US$0.000076 per piece in 2009 to a maximum of US$19780, on December 17, 2017.
每个币发行时,投资者们都希望它成为下一个“比特币”。有人低价买进高价卖出,在这场拉锯战中极少数人赚得盆满钵满,而大多数人则陷入圈套,被人“割了韭菜”血本无归。
When each currency is issued, investors want it to be the next “bitcoin.” Some buy it at a low price, sell it at a high price, and a few make a full fortune in the Ragsaw war, while most are trapped in a trap where they are “cut off” their blood.
2017年9月4日,央行等七部委就发布了关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告:向投资者筹集比特币、以太币等所谓“虚拟货币”,本质上是一种未经批准非法公开融资的行为……并明确要求从本公告发布之日起,各类代币发行融资活动应当立即停止。
On 4 September 2017, the Central Bank and seven other ministries issued a circular on protection against the risk of financing the issuance of tokens: the collection of so-called “virtual” currencies, such as bitcoins and e-dollars, from investors is essentially an unauthorized act of illegal public financing... and explicitly demands that, as of the date of the issuance of this bulletin, the financing of various forms of money issuance should cease immediately.
公告明令禁止国内不能“操作”,为了赶上这趟车,不少虚拟货币交易所就利用境外主体身份“改头换面”归来。由于虚拟货币在国内不受法律保护,所以很多交易所“跑路”,投资者亏空,却投诉无门,投资者Sofia就是其中一个。
In order to catch up with the ban on “operational” in the country, a number of virtual money exchanges have “reversed” their identity as foreign subjects. Since virtual money is not protected by the law in the country, many exchanges “run” and investors have no access to them, and one of them is the investor Sofia.
▲图据ICphoto
Image by ICphoto
花20万买入CEN币
资产被冻结却投诉无门
虚拟货币也称数字货币,是一种虚拟的、去中心化的数字货币。
Virtual currency, also known as digital currency, is a virtual, decentralized digital currency.
2017年,来自湖北的投资者Sofia在数字货币社区中了解到成都一家数字货币交易所后,当年花20余万买入平台币CEN,“我记得当时CEN是0.4-0.5元/枚,持续涨了一两个月之后达到最高点,接近1元/枚。”据她介绍,她当时手上持有的CEN折合人民币大概有三四十万。“不过并没有维持多久。”Sofia说,就在一周之后,CEN开始暴跌,“最低仅4分钱左右一枚,较最高价格下跌了96%以上。”她也就没再打理了。
In 2017, Sofia, an investor from the north of the lake, became aware of a digital currency exchange in Chengdu, and bought CEN, which spent over 200,000 dollars that year, “I remember that CEN was 0.4-0.5 dollars/mules, rising continuously one or two months later, reaching its highest point, close to one dollar/mule.” According to her, the CEN in her hand was roughly 3.4 million yuan. “How long, however,” Sofia said, just a week later, CEN began to collapse, “a minimum of four cents or so, and fell by more than 96 per cent over the highest price.” She also failed to fix it.
直到2019年数字货币行情回暖,她再登录账户时,显示已被冻结。从今年上半年开始,Sofia多次向平台申请解冻,但迟迟没有反馈。直到现在,账户里的资金依旧是被冻结状态。
Since the first half of this year, Sofia has applied several times to the platform to unfreeze. Until now, the funds in the account have remained frozen.
后来,她又试图通过法律程序去维权,可律师在了解了平台的《用户服务协议》后表示“维权成本较高”。
Later, she attempted to assert her rights through a legal process, but counsel, after learning about the Platform's User Service Agreement, said that the “rights are more costly”.
Sofia说,她也是后来仔细阅读才知道,《协议》里面写有:纠纷必须上香港仲裁庭,且需3位仲裁员在场。Sofia说,在香港这个费用是很高的,“请仲裁员、付律师费都要钱,写律师信还得单独收费,整个过程下来,大约需要几万元。”
Sofia said that it was also after she had read it carefully that the Agreement stated that the dispute had to be brought before the Hong Kong arbitral tribunal and that three arbitrators had to be present. Sofia said that the cost in Hong Kong was very high, that “the arbitrators were required to pay fees, the lawyers were required to pay fees, the lawyers were charged a separate fee, and that the entire process would cost tens of thousands of dollars”.
“为何通过成都的公司投资,最后却要去到香港维权?”同样让Sofia很气愤的是,《协议》中还提到平台方有随时更改协议的权利,无需通知用户。“这不是霸王条款吗?”Sofia知道,像她这样的投资者肯定不止一个,而平台此举的目的,也在于间接阻止用户去维权。
Similarly, Sofia was outraged by the fact that the Platform had a right to change the agreement at any time, without notifying users. “Isn’t that not a hegemonic clause?” Sofia knew that more than one investor such as her, and that the platform’s purpose was to prevent users from doing so indirectly.
记者体验
用户服务协议随时可被更改
User service agreements can be changed at any time
随后,记者登录该货币交易所网站,在公司介绍中记者看到:这是一家位于香港的虚拟资产交易平台和自主监管的托管平台……具备存储和安全设施,为投资者提供托管服务以保护他们的资产安全。记者看到,该网站有“邀请返佣政策,好友注册并完成交易后,将获得他/她交易手续费的返佣奖励。”而记者想要注册成功,则必须勾选“我已阅读并同意 《隐私政策》 和 《用户服务协议》”。
Subsequently, journalists entered the money exchange website, where they saw in the company's presentation that it was a virtual asset-trading platform in Hong Kong and an autonomous hosting platform with storage and security facilities in place to provide hosting services to investors to protect their assets. Journalists saw that the website had a “invited home leave policy, friends register and complete the transaction, and they would receive a reward for his/her transaction fees.” If journalists wanted to register successfully, they had to tick “I have read and agreed to the Privacy Policy and the User Service Agreement”.
记者注意到,在该《协议》中写有:“平台保留随时更改、添加或删除本协议部分内容的权利……于发布变更后,如阁下继续使用本网站和平台即代表阁下接受并同意更改,并同意所有后续之交易均受本协议约束。”
The press noted that the Agreement reads: “The Platform reserves the right to modify, add or delete parts of this Agreement at any time...after publication of the changes, if you continue to use this website and platform, accept and agree to the changes on your behalf, and agree that all subsequent transactions shall be governed by this Agreement.”
同时,《协议》还指出,“本协议受香港特别行政区法律的约束……仲裁地点为香港,仲裁人数为三名。”
At the same time, the Agreement states that “this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region... the place of arbitration shall be Hong Kong and the number of arbitrators shall be three”.
记者就此采访该交易所成都公司相关工作人员时,其表示:“成都这家公司没有做这个(数字货币交易所)行业。如果说的是我们合作的另外一家香港公司,那你去问香港的公司,我们跟这个香港公司没有实实在在的法律关系。”“我们不对香港这家公司的任何经营运营做出任何评价,这是对我们合作伙伴的保护。““除非他们授权我们。”他表示可以帮记者联系香港公司,而随后记者询问如何履行采访流程,再拨打其电话时,便无人接听。
In this connection, the journalist interviewed the relevant staff of Chengdu, an exchange company, who said, “Changdu does not do this business (the digital money exchange). If you are talking about another Hong Kong company that we work with, then ask Hong Kong's company that we have no real legal relationship with it.” “We do not evaluate any of the company's operations in Hong Kong, which is our partner's protection.” “Unless they authorize us,” he says he can contact Hong Kong's company, and then no one answers when journalists ask how to do the interview and call it again.
▲图据ICphoto
Image by ICphoto
业内人士:
“币圈”套路深 很多都在“割韭菜”
the currency traps are deep, and many of them are .
Sofia并不只是个例,因为在“币圈”,还有许多投资者被割了韭菜。
Sofia's not just an example, because there's a lot of investors being cut.
为何会出现这样的情况?据业内人士介绍,目前虚拟货币市场代币四起,这与比特币迅速翻倍的行情不无关系。
Why is this happening? According to industry sources, there are now four cases of virtual currency markets, which have nothing to do with the fast doubling of bitcoin.
据公开报道显示,从2009年10月,比特币的初次价格约为0.00076美元/枚开始,到2017年12月17日,比特币达到了历史最高价格,单枚比特币高达19780美元。虽然截止到9月4日,单枚比特币价格为74308.59元人民币,“跳水”不少,但与初次价格相比,依旧有较大增幅。
According to public reports, from October 2009, when the initial price of Bitcoin was about US$0.00076/me, by December 17, 2017, Bitcoin had reached its highest price ever, with a single bitcoin as high as US$780. Although as of September 4, the price of single bitcoin was RMB 74308.59, the “diving” was significant, but it was still a significant increase compared to the initial price.
想着曾经低价买进比特币的投资者现今身价暴涨,不少投资者都为之眼红,因此,不少新的虚拟货币便应运而生。
Thinking that investors who bought bitcoin at a low price are now in sharp swings and that many investors are looking for it, a number of new virtual currencies are emerging.
“虚拟代币的推广也很简单,根本不用过多宣传。”据相关人士介绍,比特币就是个实实在在的案例。在宣传时只需告诉投资者:“首发币只要你前期低价买入,后期高价卖出,躺着就能赚钱。”所以不少投资者迅速买进,“不少虚拟代币项目往往才开始几分钟便被抢购一空。”
"The spread of virtual tokens is simple, and they don't go too far." According to the source, Bitcoin is a real case. All you have to do is tell investors: "The first money is paid when you buy it at a low price, sell it at a high price later, and lie down." So a lot of investors buy it quickly, and a lot of virtual tokens are stolen only a few minutes later."
据该人士介绍,为了拉拢更多人买进,他们也会操纵二级市场价格。对投资者统一发号施令,“要求什么时候购买,购买多少数量,直到拉升虚拟代币的价格,以更高价卖给第二批参与的投资者。”这就会使虚拟代币价格实现暴力拉升,”看到价格不断上涨,就会让越来越多的投资者涌入。
According to this source, they also manipulate secondary market prices in order to bring more people into the market. Unanimously ordering investors, “when and how much they are required to buy until the price of the virtual tokens is raised and sold to the second group of participating investors at a higher price.” This would result in a violent rise in the price of the virtual tokens, which would lead to an influx of more and more investors.
但现实中,很多虚拟代币都以“一地鸡毛”收场。
But in reality, a lot of virtual tokens end up with "one chicken hair."
据其介绍,今年发行的共振币VDS,它和传统的资金盘、传销类似,采用“拉人头”模式,有着十二层级的推广分成。从最初的发行时的0.62美元/枚涨到最高12.8美元/枚,流通市值达72亿元人民币,但这样20倍暴涨仅持续一段时间,就开启暴跌模式。因此,“绝大部分后期投资者被收割了。”
According to it, this year's RMB VDS, which is similar to the traditional money plate and distribution, has a 12-tier distribution split using the “pull head” model. From the initial issuance, the amount of $0.62/mere rose to a maximum of $12.8/me, with a circulation market value of RMB 7.2 billion, but the 20-fold rise continued for only a limited period of time, triggering a sharp drop. So, “most of the late investors have been cut.”
而对于国内投资者来说,许多虚拟货币交易市场主体都在境外,“行业缺乏规范。”且由于虚拟货币本身的技术特点,“去中心化、不记账,也非实名制,所有操作痕迹都是虚拟的,因此很难通过痕迹去追踪。“因此,如果虚拟货币一旦出现问题,投资者将会出现投诉无门,或血本无归的情况。
For domestic investors, however, many of the subjects of the virtual currency exchange are out of the country, “the industry lacks regulation.” And because of the technical characteristics of the virtual currency itself, “decentralization, non-recording, and non-realistic systems, all operational traces are virtual, so it is difficult to trace them.” Thus, if virtual currency becomes problematic, investors will be left without a complaint or blood.
记者看到,在前述Sofia所投资的数字货币交易市场的《用户服务协议》中便明确:“所有投资决定均由阁下完成。尽管本协议或另有规定,我方对此类决定概不承担任何责任,亦不对任何情况负责。”
As journalists have seen, in the User Service Agreement (CPA) of the digital currency trading market, which Sofia has invested in, it is clear: “All investment decisions are made by Your Excellency. We have no responsibility for such decisions or for any circumstances, notwithstanding the terms of this agreement or otherwise.”
记者了解到,虚拟货币交易市场现在还和国内许多大的传销社群联合在一起,推出具有传销性质的虚拟代币,并在全国各地进行线下宣传。
Journalists have learned that the virtual currency exchange market is now joined by many large distribution communities in the country, launching virtual tokens of a distribution nature and conducting offline publicity throughout the country.
业内人士表示:传销同这些去中心化、不记账、非实名制的虚拟货币联系在一起,非法集资资金跑路的现象将变得更加难以追查,其用意何在?“因此很难不把他们同‘圈钱’联系在一起。”
According to industry sources, distribution is linked to these decentralized, unrecorded and non-realized virtual currencies, and the illegal collection of funds will become more difficult to trace, with what purpose? “It is therefore difficult not to link them to the `circumstance of money'.”
他提醒消费者:应当警惕这些改头换面的传销项目,不要参与所谓“海外”数字货币交易所的非法经营活动。
He reminded consumers of the need to be alert to these reprofiling marketing projects and not to participate in the illegal operations of the so-called “Overseas” digital currency exchange.
警方提醒:
Police alert:
投资需谨慎!很多数字货币形同诈骗
数字货币交易真的靠谱吗?
Do you really believe in digital currency transactions?
记者就此采访成都高新区公安分局网安大队案侦民警李光,在他看来,现在的数字货币,跟以前比较流行的投资模式,如炒作期货、现货差不多。“利用大家想赚钱及贪婪的心理,通过人拉人的模式,让你去投资。”鼓吹项目投资前景如何好?”“进的越早越赚钱等等。”但在他看来,“所谓的数字货币就是一个技术,一串字符。它本身没有价值,只是炒家赋予了它价值。”“所以很多数字货币都是没有保障的,形同诈骗。”
In his view, the digital currency is now similar to the investment model that used to be popular in the past, such as futures and spotting. “Take advantage of people’s desire to make money and greed, and make you invest in people’s ways.” “How are the prospects for investing in projects better?” “The sooner the money comes in, the better.” But in his view, “the so-called digital currency is a technology, a string of characters. It has no value in itself, and it is simply a value given by the scavenger.” “So many digital money is insecure, in the form of fraud.”
李光介绍:比如现在的“空气币”,就是一个公司或是一帮人,利用区块链技术自己发行一个币种进行圈钱。“以人拉人的模式号召大家来投资,短时间内把该币的价值拉上去,然后又马上暴跌,甚至跑路,投资者就会血本无归。”
Li Gwang introduced: For example, the current “air coin” is a company or a group of people, using block chain technology, to issue a currency for their own money. “In a man-made way, you are called upon to invest, to pull up the value of the currency in a short time, and then immediately drop, or even run away, and the investors will have nothing to lose.”
而目前在中国,数字货币交易是不受法律保障,国家也不承认虚拟货币交易所,“可以说是禁止。”所以这些虚拟货币交易所都开在境外,像新加坡、日本、韩国等地。但这些主体在境外的虚拟货币交易所,很多都是由国内的公司在做技术支持。“所以一旦出现问题,投资者就会出现维权困难。”
And now in China, digital currency transactions are not guaranteed by law, and the State does not recognize virtual currency exchanges, which “can be said to be prohibited.” So these virtual currency exchanges are held abroad, like Singapore, Japan, South Korea, etc.
“比如现在的比特币和以太坊等是受大众所认可的虚拟货币,不管是盈是亏,这都是投资者个人的投资行为,就算亏损了,到公安机关报案,公安机关也找不出法律条款来受理案件。”李光说。
“The current bitcoin and Etheria, for example, are virtual currencies recognized by the general public and, whether profit or loss, are personal investment actions of investors, and even if the loss is reported to the public security organs, the public security organs cannot find legal provisions to deal with the case.” Lee Gwang said.
而发币行为是否违法?
Is it against the law to issue money?
李光说,这也要根据其最终的操作行为违反了哪一条法律才能进行定性。
Li Gwang said that this would also have to be qualified on the basis of which law was violated by his final operational conduct.
据他介绍:“从现在国内经侦对虚拟货币投资的打击来看,可能会把其定性为传销或非法吸资。”
According to him: “In the light of the domestic detection of a blow to virtual currency investment, it may be characterized as distribution or illicit enrichment”.
那为何不能在前期就予以监管呢?
Then why can't they be regulated in advance?
李光介绍,为何很多平台性的诈骗案,都是等到出事跑路后才能立案,就是因为前期的不能定性。
Lee Gwang explained why many of the platform fraud cases were not opened until after something had happened, because of the uncertainty of the prior period.
“如果一个项目的目的和初衷是通过传销的方式圈钱,那么,它就违法了。”但李光告诉红星新闻记者,因为区块链本来就是一个新生事物,“按照正常来讲,它就是一个好的、新的项目。不管是P2P也好,其他吸资项目也好,如果前期的所有操作都合法合规,营造出一个正常合法的项目,政府相关部门是无法去定性的。”像传统的网络金融平台一样,只有等到爆仓之后才会介入。
“If the purpose and purpose of a project is to collide money through distribution, then it is illegal.” But Li Gwang told Red Star journalists that the block chain was inherently a new thing, and that “normally, it is a good, new project. Whether P2P is good, other financing projects are good, and if all previous operations are legally compliant, creating a normal and legitimate project, the relevant government departments cannot be characterized.” Like the traditional cyber finance platform, it only intervenes when the warehouse explodes.
“而且就算是爆仓,如果其有执照,所有操作均合法,爆仓也只能算是投资失败,也只能申请破产,走破产流程。”
“and, even if it is an explosion, and if it is licensed, all operations are legal, and the explosion is merely an investment failure, and only an application for bankruptcy and a process of bankruptcy.”
因此,成都高新区公安分局网安大队提醒广大投资者:区块链技术是一个新生事物,有很多企业想在这个领域开拓一番,但也要谨慎由此而来的非法集资问题。数字货币目前在国内不受法律保护,没有保障,若受骗或受损追回难度很大,因此提醒大家,投资需谨慎。
现在,全国网安部门发起的“净网2019”行动正在进行,大家也要做好自身防范,切勿掉入网络诈骗陷阱。
The “Network 2019” campaign, launched by the National Cyber Security Service, is now under way, and everyone must be prepared to avoid falling into a cyber-fraud trap.
红星新闻记者 胡挺 章玲
Red Star reporter, Hu-Jan, Jo-Ling.
编辑 官莉
Editor, Officer Lee.
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