什么是比特币减半？下一次比特币减半事件是什么时候？

尽管比特币是数字货币，但它不能被无限地创造，可验证的稀缺性是其价值主张的核心。

Although Bitcoin is a digital currency, it cannot be created indefinitely, and proven scarcity is at the heart of its value proposition.

比特币协议的基础是两个与稀缺性相关的概念：

The Bitcoin agreement is based on two concepts related to scarcity:

首先，比特币的供应量有限。协议规定，比特币的总量上限为 2100 万，不可能再有更多比特币存在。这与法定货币相反，法定货币可以根据政府或央行的意愿印发更多货币，这可能导致通货膨胀。

In the first place, the supply of bitcoins is limited. The agreement provides for a cap of 21 million bitcoins, and no more bitcoins are likely to exist.

第二个概念称为减半。大约每四年，比特币挖矿奖励（也称为“区块奖励”）就会减半。这意味着给予保护网络的贡献者的奖励减少了 50%，直接影响了新比特币进入流通的速度。

The second concept is called halving. Every four years, bitcoin mining incentives (also known as &ldquao; block incentives & rdquao;) are halved. This means that the incentives given to contributors to protected networks are reduced by 50%, directly affecting the speed of new bitcoins entering circulation.

2020 年 5 月，通过虚拟“挖矿”加入网络的新比特币数量（每 10 分钟）减半，从 12.5 枚减半至 6.25 枚。2024 年 4 月，这一数字将再次降至 3.125 枚左右——这一过程将持续到所有 2100 万枚比特币都被开采完毕（据估计，这将在 2140 年左右发生）。

In May 2020, the number of new bitcoins joining the network was reduced by half (per 10 minutes) from 12.5 to 6.25. In April 2024, this figure will again be reduced to 3.25 or so & mdash; & mdash; this process will continue until all 21 million bitcoins are mined (estimated to take place around 2140).

此时，矿工将完全依靠交易费来验证区块。

At this point, miners will rely entirely on transaction fees to validate blocks.

通过随着时间的推移发行更少的比特币，减半使得比特币的价值更有可能上升（假设需求水平保持一致），这与法定货币形成鲜明对比，法定货币的价值通常会随着通货膨胀而随着时间的推移而下降（例如，这就是为什么在 20 世纪 60 年代你可以花一角钱买到一瓶可乐）。

By issuing fewer bitcoins over time, halving the value of bitcoins makes it more likely to increase (assuming that demand levels are consistent), in stark contrast to the legal currency, which usually declines over time with inflation (for example, why in the 1960s you could spend a dime on a bottle of Coke).

简而言之，减半是比特币协议维持稀缺性的方式之一，而稀缺性是比特币受到数百万人追捧的原因之一。

In short, halving is one of the ways in which the Bitcoin Agreement maintains its scarcity, which is one of the reasons for its popularity among millions of people.

但稀缺性并不是比特币减半重要的唯一原因，还有其他因素使得减半成为备受关注的事件。

But scarcity is not the only reason why it is important to halve bitcoin, and there are other factors that make it a high-profile event.

例如，比特币减半通常会吸引更多媒体对加密货币和比特币的报道。随着该事件成为头条新闻，它自然会激起潜在的新投资者的兴趣，这些投资者以前可能没有考虑投资比特币或参与加密货币。这种关注度的激增可能会导致对比特币的需求增加，因为新老投资者都希望利用减半带来的潜在价格波动。

For example, halving bitcoin usually attracts more media coverage of encoded currency and bitcoin. As the event becomes headline news, it naturally provokes the interest of potential new investors who may not have previously considered investing in bitcoin or participating in encoded currency.

为了更好地理解减半的工作原理，我们首先需要确切了解什么是比特币挖矿。

In order to better understand the rationale for reducing by half, we first need to know exactly what is a bitcoin mining.

比特币使用工作量证明 (PoW) 系统来验证交易信息，之所以这样称呼，是因为解决加密哈希需要时间和精力，这可以证明工作已经完成。在这个系统中，个人使用计算机或专用挖矿设备加入比特币网络，既充当交易处理者，又充当验证者。

Bitcoin uses the Workload Certificate (PoW) system to verify transaction information because it takes time and effort to resolve encryption Hash to prove that the work has been done. In this system, individuals use computers or specialized mining equipment to join the Bitcoin network, both as transaction processors and as verifiers.

一旦一个区块被填满交易，它就会被关闭并发送到挖矿队列，矿工们竞相成为第一个解决区块密码难题的人。当矿工确认区块中交易的合法性时，他们会打开一个新的区块并获得奖励。

Once a block is filled with a transaction, it is closed and sent to the diggers, and miners compete to be the first to solve a block code problem. When miners confirm the legitimacy of a transaction in a block, they open a new block and get a reward.

这个过程创建了包含信息的区块链，也就是我们所知的区块链。

This process creates a chain of blocks containing information, that is, blocks that we know of.

每次减半事件发生后，这些网络贡献者的奖励都会减少一半，从而减慢新比特币进入流通的速度。作为参考，截至 2024 年 3 月，已开采了超过 1900 万个比特币，这意味着还有大约 200 万个比特币尚未被“开采”。

For example, as of March 2024, more than 19 million bitcoins had been mined, meaning that about 2 million bitcoins had not yet been &ldquao; mining & rdquao;

截至 2024 年 3 月，比特币已经历三次减半：

By March 2024, Bitcoin had been halved three times:

• 2012 年 11 月 28 日，每个区块的奖励从 50 比特币降至 25 比特币。

  On November 28, 2012, the incentive for each block was reduced from 50 bitcoins to 25 bitcoins.

• 然后在 2016 年 7 月 9 日，它又从每区块 25 比特币降至 12.5 比特币。

  And then on July 9, 2016, it went from 25 bits to 12.5 bits per block.

• 最近一次是在 2020 年 5 月 11 日，比特币减半，每个区块的比特币数量从 12.5 个减半至 6.25 个。

  Most recently, on May 11, 2020, Bitcoin was halved, and the number of bitcoins per block was halved from 12.5 to 6.25.

由于比特币区块每 10 分钟左右开采一次，下一次减半预计将发生在 2024 年 4 月第三周左右，届时挖矿奖励将降低至每区块 3.125 比特币。

Since bitcoin blocks are mined every 10 minutes or so, the next half is expected to take place around the third week of April 2024, when the mining incentive will be reduced to 3.125 bitcoins per block.

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