《中华人民共和国反电信网络诈骗法》（以下简称《反电信网络诈骗法》）于2022年12月1日正式施行。新规定禁止帮助他人通过虚拟货币交易洗钱等为电信网络犯罪活动提供支持的行为。在此，北京一中院法官提示大家勿轻信任何虚拟货币交易行为，也莫以虚拟货币交易方式帮人洗钱。
The Anti-Telecommunication Network Fraud Act of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Anti-Telecommunication Network Fraud Act) entered into force on 1 December 2022. The new provisions prohibit the provision of support for telecommunication cybercrime activities, such as money-laundering through virtual currency transactions. In this context, a Beijing court judge has warned against believing in any virtual currency transactions or helping to launder money through virtual currency transactions.
如今电信网络诈骗集团不断更新犯罪手段，虚拟货币也逐渐贯穿于诈骗行为始终。诈骗集团利用区块链、虚拟货币、AI智能、GOIP、远程操控、共享屏幕等新技术新业态，不断更新升级犯罪工具，从资金通道看，传统的三方支付、对公账户洗钱占比已减少，犯罪分子大量利用跑分平台加数字货币洗钱。
Today, telecommunication network fraud syndicates are upgrading their criminal methods, and virtual currency is gradually spreading through fraud. Using new technologies like block chains, virtual money, AI intelligence, GOIP, remote manipulation, shared screens, fraud syndicates are constantly updating their tools for upgrading crime. In terms of financial access, traditional triangular payments, money-laundering against public accounts have been reduced, and criminals are making extensive use of feeder platforms and digital money-laundering.
案例1 构建虚假虚拟货币交易平台进行电信网络诈骗
Case 1 Telecommunication network fraud based on a false virtual currency trading platform
被告人叶某某于2019年起结伙他人运营BTHOT、FIERY等虚假虚拟币交易平台。由被告人崔某某担任招商部经理，负责管理招商部员工，对外招收该交易平台的代理，由被告人梁某某担任市场部经理，负责管理公司业务员，对外招揽客户，诱使投资者入金投资，赚取客损，牟取非法利益。最终近二百名被害人通过FIERY平台或BTHOT平台投资，损失约690万USDT（价值约人民币400余万元）。
In the end, nearly 200 victims invested in the FIERY platform or BTHOT platform, losing approximately 6.9 million USDTs (valued in excess of RMB 4 million).
法院判决被告人叶某某犯诈骗罪，判处有期徒刑11年，并处罚金;被告人崔某某犯诈骗罪，判处有期徒刑7年，并处罚金；被告人梁某某犯诈骗罪，判处有期徒刑6年，并处罚金。
The court sentenced one of the defendants to 11 years'imprisonment and a fine; one of the accused, Choi, to 7 years'imprisonment and a fine; and one of the accused, Liang, to 6 years'imprisonment and a fine.
案例2 先提供搭建、维护技术服务后帮助转移赃款
case 2 assists in the transfer of stolen funds by providing construction, maintenance and technical services
被告人刘某明知他人利用虚假的虚拟货币APP软件实施犯罪活动，仍为对方开发“梅茨勒货币”等APP、提供服务器租用及维护APP正常运行等技术支持，收取费用共计人民币2万余元。被告人邱某某受他人指使，明知系犯罪所得，仍使用他人提供的手机、支付宝账户，通过转账、购买USDT虚拟币等方式转移赃款，并收取好处费。
The accused Liu, knowing that others used false virtual currency APP software for criminal purposes, continued to develop technical support for each other, such as “Metzle currency”, providing server rents and maintaining the normal operation of the AP, at a total cost of more than RMB 20,000.
法院判决被告人刘某犯帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪，判处有期徒刑2年，并处罚金；被告人邱某某犯掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得罪，判处有期徒刑3年6个月，并处罚金。
The court sentenced the accused Liu to two years'imprisonment and a fine, and the accused Qiu to three years'and six months'imprisonment and a fine for concealing and concealing the proceeds of crime.
案例3 明知是金融诈骗所得还通过虚拟货币交易洗钱
case 3 Knowing that the proceeds of financial fraud are also laundered through virtual currency transactions
被告人孙某某、李某明知资金是金融诈骗的犯罪所得，仍将“人头”许某洋等人的信用卡卡号提供给被告人胡某颖、李某德，被告人胡某颖、李某德再将上述卡号提供给上线，由上线将多笔资金经多个账户转账操作后转入银行卡内，分别由被告人胡某颖、李某德购买加密数字货币并提币至上线控制的账户中。
The accused Sun and Li, knowing that the funds were the proceeds of financial fraud, continued to provide the credit card numbers of the “heads” of Xiaoyang et al. to the accused Hu Fung and Li Fud, who, in turn, provided the above-mentioned card numbers to the line where the multiple funds were transferred through multiple accounts and transferred to the bank card by the accused Ho Fung Li, who purchased the encrypted digital currency and took the currency to the account controlled by the line.
法院判决被告人孙某某、胡某颖、李某、李某德犯洗钱罪、掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得罪，分别判处决定执行有期徒刑4年9个月、4年6个月、4年3个月、4年，并均处罚金。
The court sentenced the accused Sun to four years'imprisonment, nine months'imprisonment, four years'imprisonment, six months'imprisonment, four years'imprisonment, three months'imprisonment and four years'fine for money-laundering, covering up and concealing the proceeds of crime.
新法解析
New Method Parsing
电信网络诈骗活动从前期准备到实施再到赃款转移，都有可能涉及虚拟货币，行为人对电信网络诈骗活动的明知程度、参与程度不同，根据行为人符合不同的犯罪构成要件，会涉嫌犯帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪、诈骗罪及掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得罪、洗钱罪。
Telecommunications network fraud, which may involve virtual currency from the time it is prepared to be carried out to the transfer of the proceeds, may involve different levels of knowledge and involvement of the perpetrator in the fraudulent activities of the telecommunications network, and may be suspected of contributing to information cybercrime activities, fraud and concealment, concealment of proceeds of crime, and money-laundering, depending on whether the perpetrator meets the different elements of the offence.
《反电信网络诈骗法》在第四章中重点对“互联网治理”内容进行了规定，对电信业务经营者、互联网服务提供者的从业行为进行规范，明确禁止了一系列对电信网络诈骗活动提供帮助和支持的行为。对于涉虚拟货币的诈骗活动，新法从源头上禁止了虚假的虚拟货币交易平台的搭建、维护行为。
The Anti-Telecommunication Network Fraud Act, which focuses in chapter IV on “Internet governance”, regulates the conduct of telecommunications operators, Internet service providers, and explicitly prohibits a series of acts that help and support telecommunications network fraud. In the case of virtual currency-related fraud, the new law prohibits from the source the construction and maintenance of false virtual money trading platforms.
虽然虚拟货币目前不具有传统货币的性质，但新法明确将通过虚拟货币交易等方式洗钱的行为作为犯罪处理，进而实现扼制电信网络诈骗资金转移的目标。若帮助他人通过虚拟货币交易等洗钱，一旦行为符合相关犯罪的构成要件，则将承担刑事责任。
Although virtual money is not currently of a traditional monetary nature, the new law explicitly criminalizes money-laundering, including virtual currency transactions, thereby achieving the objective of stifling the fraudulent transfer of funds by telecommunications networks.
法官提示
Judge's reminder
虚拟货币交易不合法莫轻信虚拟货币交易平台
涉虚拟货币的电信网络诈骗大多属于涉众型犯罪，利用虚拟货币交易平台无监管的现状，构建虚假交易平台，或仿冒境外虚拟货币交易平台，吸引大量被害人在虚假的交易平台投资，实施诈骗。2021年9月15日十部门联合发文《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险的通知》，明确虚拟货币和相关业务活动本质属性，虚拟货币不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位，虚拟货币相关业务活动属于非法金融活动。当前我国没有合法的虚拟货币交易平台，故不应轻信任何涉虚拟货币交易的信息。
Virtual currency-related telecommunication network fraud is mostly a crowd-based crime, using the unregulated status quo of a virtual currency trading platform to construct a false trading platform, or to fake an offshore virtual currency trading platform, to attract large numbers of victims to invest in a false trading platform and to commit fraud. A joint submission of 10 departments on 15 September 2021, a circular on further prevention and treatment of the risks associated with virtual currency transactions, clarifying the nature of the virtual currency and related operations, that the virtual currency does not have legal status equivalent to that of a legal currency, and that the virtual currency-related operations are illegal.
莫搭建维护虚假虚拟货币平台莫帮人进行虚拟货币交易
Do not build a fake virtual currency platform to help people with virtual currency transactions
搭建交易平台并进行维护的技术本身并不违法，但若用在搭建虚假虚拟货币平台方面，最终触犯法律法规，则应承担相应的法律责任。对此，《反电信网络诈骗法》明确规定电信业务经营者、互联网服务提供者应依照国家有关规定，履行合理注意义务，对利用提供应用程序、网站等网络技术、产品的制作、维护服务，从事涉诈支持、帮助活动进行监测识别和处置。
The technology used to build and maintain a trading platform is not an offence in itself, but is subject to legal liability if it is used to build a false virtual currency platform and ultimately violates the laws and regulations. In this regard, the Anti-Telecommunication Network Fraud Act specifies that telecommunications operators and Internet service providers are required, in accordance with the relevant national regulations, to perform a duty of due diligence and to use the provision of applications, web technologies such as websites, production of products, maintenance services, and to engage in fraudulent support and assist in the monitoring, identification and disposal of activities.
市面上所谓的虚拟货币交易在我国并不合法，正因不受我国监管、隐蔽性强，这种交易行为已开始在电信网络诈骗犯罪转移赃款过程中发挥作用。帮助他人进行虚拟货币交易行为人对赃款的知情程度不同，会构成不同罪名：不知情赃款的具体情况，只是听从指示进行买卖虚拟货币，可能构成帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪；若明知赃款来源，并进行虚拟货币交易来洗钱，则会构成洗钱罪及掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得罪。
The so-called virtual currency transactions on the market are not legal in our country and are beginning to play a role in the fraudulent transfer of stolen money by telecommunications networks because they are not regulated and concealed by our country. The fact that the perpetrators of transactions that help others to engage in virtual money transactions have different levels of knowledge about the proceeds may constitute different offences: the lack of knowledge of the specifics of the stolen money, merely being instructed to buy and sell virtual currency, may constitute a crime of facilitating information cybercrime; and the fact that knowing the source of the stolen money and carrying out a virtual currency transaction to launder money may constitute a money-laundering offence and a crime of concealing or concealing the proceeds of crime.
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