币圈很担心的边控，是什么？

资讯 2024-06-29 阅读:36 评论:0

市面上总是有各种消息，这家老板被边控了，那类币币交易的人员被边控了，很多币圈的朋友闻之色变。那么，到底什么是边控？哪些情况可以触发边控呢？There's always a lot...

市面上总是有各种消息，这家老板被边控了，那类币币交易的人员被边控了，很多币圈的朋友闻之色变。那么，到底什么是边控？哪些情况可以触发边控呢？

There's always a lot of news on the market, the boss's being held hostage, the people dealing in that kind of currency are being controlled, and many of the friends in the currency circles are hearing changes. So, what's border control? What kind of situation triggers border control?

1.边控不是准确法律概念

1. Border control is not an accurate legal concept

所谓边控，通常被认为是在边境上进行控制某特定人员出境的措施。我国法律对于边控并无明确规定，而采取了“限制出境”这样的术语。

The term “restricted exit” is not clearly defined in our laws.

限制出境，顾名思义，就是限制某特定人（含外籍人员）离开我国领土，包括航空器及船舶。

Restrictions on exit, by definition, are restrictions on the departure from our territory of a particular person, including foreign nationals, including aircraft and ships.

限制出境的理由并不单一，并非一定涉及犯罪，这一点大家不要惊慌。

One should not be alarmed by the fact that the grounds for restricting the entry into the country are not uniform and do not necessarily involve the commission of a crime.

被执行人不履行法律文书确定的义务的，人民法院可以采取或者通知相关单位采取针对被执行人的限制出境措施。也就是说，老赖们，是可以被采取限制出境措施的。

If the person is not complying with the obligations established in the legal instrument, the People's Court may take or notify the relevant authority to take measures to restrict the person's entry into the country. In other words, the older persons may be subject to such measures.

2.公检法及国安部门，可采取“限制出境”措施

The Public Prosecution Act and the National Security Service may take “restricted exit” measures.

除却中国人，对于外国人，我国司法机关也可以采取限制出境措施，所以，一些币圈朋友，试图拿到新加坡国籍、日本绿卡等，在这方面并无实质性意义。

In addition to the Chinese, our judicial authorities may also take measures to restrict the exit of foreign nationals, so that some of our currency circles' friends who try to acquire Singapore nationality, Japanese green cards, etc., have no material significance in this regard.

人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关和国家安全机关在限制外国人和中国公民出境时，可以分别采取以下办法：

The People's Court, the People's Procuratorate, the public security organs and the State security organs may, when restricting the departure of foreigners and Chinese citizens, respectively:

１．向当事人口头通知或书面通知，在其案件（或问题）了结之前，不得离境；

(i) Not to leave the country until the case (or issue) has been concluded by giving oral or written notice to the person concerned;

２．根据案件性质及当事人的具体情况，分别采取监视居住或取保候审的办法，或令其提供财产担保或交付一定数量保证金后准予出境；

2. By means of, depending on the nature of the case and the particular circumstances of the person concerned, supervision of the place of residence or security pending trial, or the granting of a security of property or the delivery of a certain amount of security, respectively;

３．扣留当事人护照或其他有效出入境证件。但应在护照或其他出入境证件有效期内处理了结，同时发给本人扣留证件的证明。人民法院、人民检察院或国家安全机关扣留当事人护照或其他有效出入境证件，如在出入境证件有效期内不能了结的，应当提前通知公安机关。

The People's Court, the People's Procuratorate or the State Security Service shall notify the public security organs in advance of the seizure of the person's passport or other valid entry/exit document if the entry/exit document cannot be closed during the period of validity.

同时，《中华人民共和国监察法》草案中，也赋予监察机关实施限制出境的权力，待法律正式实施后，我们再详细研究。

At the same time, in the draft Law of the People's Republic of China on Inspection, the Ombudsman is also given the power to impose restrictions on exit from the country, which we will study in detail after the law has been formally implemented.

3.审批权限

3. Approval authority

根据1987年发布且现行有效的《关于依法限制外国人和中国公民出境问题的若干规定》，我们可以看出，限制外国人或中国公民出境的审批权限：

On the basis of the Regulations on Legal Restrictions on the Deportation of Aliens and Chinese Citizens, issued in 1987 and in force, we can see that restrictions on the authorization of the departure of foreigners or Chinese citizens are applicable:

１．公安机关和国家安全机关认定的犯罪嫌疑人或有其他违反法律的行为尚未处理并需要追究法律责任的，其限制出境的决定需经省、自治区、直辖市公安厅、局或国家安全厅、局批准。

1. If a criminal suspect or other violation of the law, as determined by the public security organs and the national security organs, has not been dealt with and is subject to legal accountability, the decision to restrict the departure from the country must be approved by the Public Security Office, Bureau or Office of National Security of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central authority.

２．人民法院或人民检察院认定的犯罪嫌疑人或有其他违反法律的行为尚未处理并需要追究法律责任的，由人民法院或人民检察院决定限制出境并按有关规定执行，同时通报同级公安机关。

2. If the people's court or the people's procuratorate determines that a suspect or other violation of the law has not been dealt with and is subject to legal accountability, the people's court or the people's procuratorate decides to restrict the exit from the country and to implement it in accordance with the relevant provisions, and informs the public security organs of the same level.

３．国家安全机关对某些外国人或中国公民采取限制出境措施时，要及时通报公安机关。

3. When the State security organs take measures to restrict the exit of certain foreigners or Chinese citizens, they must promptly inform the public security organs.

４．有未了结民事案件（包括经济纠纷案件）的，由人民法院决定限制出境并执行，同时通报公安机关。

4. In the case of outstanding civil cases (including cases of economic disputes), the People's Court shall decide on the restriction of exit from the country and its execution, and shall inform the public security organs.

５．对其他需要在边防口岸限制出境的人员，以相应通知精神办理。

5. Other persons who need to be restricted from leaving the country at border crossings shall be notified accordingly.

虽然规则于上世纪80年代出台，但至今仍在实施中，也许近期随着社会发展规则会进行迭代。

Although the rules were introduced in the 1980s, they are still being implemented, and perhaps in the near future they will overlap with social development rules.

4.实务做法

4. Substantive practice

对于可能威胁到广大老百姓财产权益的行为，行为人自身如果逃避法律，可能会引发社会和法律问题。出于预防的目的，行为人可以自愿上交“护照”，以做到“好人举手”，让各方安心。

For the purpose of prevention, the perpetrator can voluntarily submit a “passport” to “good people” in order to reassure all parties.

但如果出现“空气币”等诈骗行为，行为人可能面临刑法第266条诈骗罪的追究，因此，项目真实性是核心，我们建议在项目立项、可行性报告、执行落地等环节，做好“留痕”工作，以备监管机关、司法机关查验和认定。

However, if fraud such as “air currency” occurs, the perpetrator may face prosecution for fraud under article 266 of the Penal Code, and therefore the project's authenticity is central, and we recommend that “marking” be done at the project's project design, feasibility report, place of execution, etc., for inspection and identification by the supervisory and judicial authorities.

在海外进行发币，又到国内宣传销售的，可能会涉嫌刑法第225条非法经营罪，请诸位币圈从业者注意。

Money distribution abroad and sales abroad may be suspected of illegal operations under article 225 of the Penal Code, to be brought to the attention of local currency operators.

附：中国与外国缔结的引渡条约一览表

Annex: List of extradition treaties concluded between China and foreign countries

引渡条约表

List of extradition treaties

来源：司法部官网

Source: Network of officials of the Ministry of Justice.

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