区块链的实际应用有哪些？盘点区块链实际应用

谈到区块链，就会谈到去中心化和比特币，区块链作为一种新兴的复合型技术，本质上是一个去中心化分布式账本，目前最成功的应用就是以比特币为代表的数字货币，除此之外，区块链在各行各业有诸多应用，那么，区块链的实际应用有哪些呢？针对这个问题，币圈子小编给大家盘点了区块链实际应用，以供投资者参考学习。

When it comes to block chains, which, as an emerging compound technology, are essentially a decentralized distributed book, the most successful application is now a digital currency represented by bitcoin. In addition, there are a number of applications in each industry. So what are the practical applications of block chains? To this end, the coin circles have provided an inventory of the practical applications of block chains for investors.

1. 智能合约

1. Smart contracts

根据最早提出智能合约概念的美国计算机科学家尼克·萨博(Nick Szabo)的说法，智能合同是一种“执行合同条款的计算机化交易协议”。“当你听到“contract”这个词时，你会想到一张签了字的纸，上面列出了不同当事人之间法律协议的细节。基于区块链的智能契约是运行在计算机化交易协议上的数字契约，由连接到区块链网络的多个节点进行监督。由于区块链合同是在所有许可方之间的分散系统上工作的，因此它可以自行执行和自行维护，从而消除了对律师或公证员等中介机构的需要。与传统系统相比，智能合约是透明的、可追踪的、安全的和不可逆转的，这就是为什么一些行业正在转向智能合约。

According to Nick Szabo, the first American computer scientist to come up with the concept of an intelligent contract, an intelligent contract is a “computerized transaction agreement for the execution of the terms of the contract.” “When you hear the word “contract”, you think of a signed paper setting out the details of the legal agreement between the different parties. Smart contracts based on a block chain are digital contracts operating on a computerized trading agreement, supervised by multiple nodes connected to a network of blocks. Since a block chain contract works on a decentralized system among all licensees, it can be executed and maintained on its own, thereby eliminating the need for intermediaries, such as lawyers or notaries.

2. 投票

Voting

选举是民主制度的基础。然而，投票制度的安全性多年来一直受到质疑和批评。事实上，集中式服务器的存在已经开始破坏选举的合法性，而集中式服务器很容易受到入侵和黑客攻击。有了区块链技术的应用，整个投票过程可以被加密，变得透明。将数字投票的便利性与区块链的不变性相结合，消除了重复投票、改变投票、删除投票等问题。

Elections are the foundation of democracy. However, the security of the voting system has been questioned and criticized for many years. Indeed, the existence of centralized servers has begun to undermine the legitimacy of elections, while centralized servers are vulnerable to intrusion and hacking.

3.医疗保健

3. Health care

区块链技术已经以微妙而有益的方式渗透到医疗行业。随着医疗物联网(IoMT)和实现人工智能的医疗检测系统的迅速出现，区块链技术应用将很快以其互操作性、数据可移植性、完整性和安全性给医疗保健带来革命性的变化。这种分布式账本技术的巨大潜力适合于解决与医疗数据分散相关的挑战。此外，预计区块链数据库技术还将在三个主要领域发挥作用，包括临床试验、合规和监管、医疗和保健记录。

Block chain technology has infiltrated the medical industry in a delicate and beneficial way. With the rapid emergence of IoMT and the realization of artificially intelligent medical detection systems, block chain technology applications will soon revolutionize health care with interoperability, data portability, integrity, and safety.

4. 食品安全

4. Food security

区块链技术可以通过一个由农民、经纪人、分销商、加工商、零售商、监管机构和消费者组成的复杂网络来改进整个数据管理过程。如果我们回顾过去几年，我们很容易发现一连串的事件，一批糟糕的食品生产迫使连锁餐厅和食品企业关门。2008年中国的婴儿奶粉丑闻和2006年北美爆发的大肠杆菌疫情就是很好的例子。目前，食品行业缺乏透明度和信任度，这使得准确定位供应链中出现问题的确切位置变得很有挑战性。有了区块链的可靠性和可追溯性，消费者可以很容易地从农场追踪他们的食物。此外，监管机构很容易发现和处理食源性疾病的源头，这也促进了食品生产商的责任。

Block chain technology can improve the entire data management process through a complex network of farmers, brokers, distributors, processors, retailers, regulators, and consumers. If we look back over the past few years, it is easy to find a series of events, with bad food production forcing chains and food businesses to close.

5. 网络安全

5. Cybersecurity

数据泄露的数量正在飙升，对大众构成了持续的威胁。根据美国报告，“2018年1月1日至7月2日期间，共有668次入侵，泄露了22.408.258条记录。2018年的国外报告指出，“一次数据入侵的平均总成本为386万美元，使用安全自动化的组织平均减少的入侵成本为155万美元。”“数据泄露和黑客攻击的这种令人不安的上升趋势，已迫使组织升级其安全解决方案，以匹配恶意的参与者方法。那么区块链如何预防这些攻击和盗窃呢?这种技术有三个支持网络安全的关键特征——分散化、加密安全性和防篡改账本。严格的加密和通过点对点网络的数据分发协议确保了数据的安全完整，不会被黑客窃取。

According to the United States report, “668 incursions between 1 January and 2 July 2018 revealed 22.408.258 records. Foreign reports in 2018 stated that “the average total cost of a data intrusion is $3.86 million and the average cost of an organization using security automation is $1.55 million.” “This disturbing upward trend in data leaks and hacker attacks has forced the organization to upgrade its security solutions to match malicious participant approaches.

1、证据存证

1. Documentation of evidence

区块链可以链接多方主体，高效展示所有信息，解决“证据存证”难题。比如在版权保护方面，区块链链接原创平台、版权局、司法机关等各方主体，提供各类电子证据存证，可以快速地辨别谁才是原创作者，有效解决版权纠纷问题;比如在溯源方面，以疫苗为例，区块链链接加工厂、物流系统、售卖方、消费者，记录了疫苗制作、加工、运输、售卖、注射的全过程，患者可以通过了解疫苗所有信息，在确保疫苗安全后，再接受注射;又比如在投票方面，将投票数据部署到区块链上，那么谁投给了谁、谁投了多少票的数据都是公开透明的，并且无法被篡改，避免黑箱操作，保障公平公正。

Block chains can link multiple subjects, display all information efficiently, and solve the “evidence documentation” problem. For example, in the context of copyright protection, block chain links to original platforms, copyright offices, the judiciary, etc., provide various types of electronic evidence that can quickly identify who is the original creator and effectively resolve copyright disputes; in the case of retroactive sources, for example, vaccines, link processing plants, logistics systems, sellers, consumers, record the entire process of vaccine production, processing, transportation, sale and injection, patients can receive injections by knowing all information about vaccines and ensuring that they are safe; and in the case of voting, who delivers the voting data on the chain, how many votes have been cast, is transparent and cannot be tampered with, black box operations are avoided and fair and just.

2、信息共享

2. Information-sharing

区块链去中心化的特点，可以打通不同主体之间的“数据壁垒”，实现信息和数据共享。也就是说，数据不会仅仅存在于某一个主体手中，而是所有人都可以看到，不用多次向多个主体汇报情况。比如，如果区块链+房地产，那么我们只需要去一次银行，就可以实现贷款和产权过户;如果区块链+户籍管理，那么我们只需要在一个城市办理了户口转入，转出城市户籍所在地就会看到我们的户口转出信息，而不需要我们反复折腾跑回户籍转出地告知相关信息。可以遇见，区块链+电子政务将会极大提高我们的办事效率，再也不需要多个部门来回奔走，也不需要再证明“我妈是我妈”了。

For example, if block chains + real estate, we need only go to a bank once to secure loans and property rights; if block chains + household management, then we need to have a household transfer in one city, and we need to see our household transfer coming out of the city’s place of residence, without having to tumble back to the place of residence to provide information. As you can see, block + e-government will greatly improve our efficiency, and it will no longer be necessary for multiple departments to run back and forth, and it will no longer be necessary to prove that “my mother is my mother.”

3、高效协作

3. Efficient collaboration

在日益全球化的今天，多方协同工作已成为工作常态。但由于涉及多国监管政策、贸易环境、语言障碍等因素影响，协作效率无法得到快速提高。由于区块链可以有效处理多主体工作的问题，因此区块链可以很好解决协作问题。

In an increasingly globalized world, teamwork has become the norm. The efficiency of collaboration cannot be improved rapidly because of the effects of factors such as multinational regulatory policies, the trade environment, and language barriers.

通过以上介绍，相信大家对于区块链的实际应用有所了解，区块链的实际应用除了本文介绍的这些，在金融行业也应用的比较多，比如在证券交易方面，区块链可使证券发行免去诸多中间人环节，避免传统证券市场经常发生的操纵行为，也能削减发行、追踪及交易加密证券的成本。再比如在支付清算方面，金融机构通过区块链技术搭建通用的分布式协议，为接入银行提供跨境、任意币种实时支付清算服务，将会使得跨境支付更加便捷高效且成本低廉。由此可见，区块链作为目前最受期待的“明日之星”，目前在技术层面也逐渐走向正轨，已经能够在更多领域应用。

In addition to the practical application of block chains described above, the practical application of block chains is believed to be more widely applied in the financial sector. For example, in the case of securities transactions, block chains can remove securities issuances from many intermediaries, avoid frequent manipulations in traditional securities markets, and reduce the cost of issuing, tracking, and trading encrypted securities. In the case of payment settlements, financial institutions, through block chain technology, can build universal distribution agreements that provide real-time settlement services across borders, regardless of currency, to access banks, making cross-border payments easier and more cost-effective.