区块链“存证”，如何落地？

来源: 金评媒专栏作者 肖飒   

答应为社区朋友普法，有朋友总结了一个问题：现在区块链项目中，有一类在专门做区块链存证，包括文件、录音录像、照片等。这类项目在国内做，如果希望被法院采用，需要做到什么？ 

A group of friends summarized the problem: one of the block chain projects is now dedicated to the documentation of block chains, including documents, video recordings, photographs, etc.

这个问题很具体，我们从服务区块链技术落地的经验和观察，提几点个人观点： 

This issue is specific, and we draw a number of personal points from our experience and observations on the technical landing of the service block chain: & nbsp;

1、不可篡改，绝不等于“真实性” 

1 which cannot be tampered with and which in no way amounts to “reality” & nbsp;

诚然，证据要想被采信必须符合三个性质：真实性、合法性、关联性。众人对区块链技术的期待是：用区块链技术在时间上给予确定的表达，在内容上不可篡改。我相信，随着区块链技术的发展，公开透明的节点会成为“证据材料”的一种，但是否能成为证据，还需要其他条件。 

True, evidence must be accepted in three ways: authenticity, legitimacy, relevance. People expect the block chain technology to give definitive expressions in time, which cannot be tampered with. I believe that, as block chain technology develops, open and transparent nodes will become one of the “evidence materials”, but there are other conditions that will be necessary to prove it. & nbsp;

不可篡改只是“真实性”的一个或有条件，在举证时比较容易被各方认可，但并非充分必要条件。 

Non-frozen is only one or more of the conditions of “authenticity” and is more likely to be accepted in the presentation of evidence, but not sufficiently necessary. & nbsp;

证据的作用是为了证明事实的存在或者行为的发生，如果全世界都在链上生存，如互联网一样，那么，用区块链的办法来进行取证是最好的办法。如果保险公司需要理赔盗抢险，我们怎么证明自己有被盗抢的行为呢，还是要将他人的行为进行描述，把这个描述转化成链语言，然后在法庭需要的时候提取出来。但这只能保证从一个描述上链开始没有被篡改过，并不能证明：事实确实发生过。与其如此，还不如捡到现场丢失的“一把螺丝刀”上面有嫌疑人的指纹，更有说服力。 

The role of proof is to prove the existence of facts or the commission of acts, and if the whole world survives on the chain, as is the case with the Internet, it is best to use the chain of evidence. If an insurance company needs to pay for the theft, how can we prove it, or to describe the behaviour of others, turn it into a chain language, and then extract it when the court needs it. But this can only guarantee that it has not been tampered with from the top of a description, which does not prove that it did happen.

我们特别提醒，想采取区块链技术的公证处，珍惜法律给公证行业的荣誉，打破技术崇拜，如若使用技术存证，一定要注意证明的事实确有其事，切勿自己给自己找麻烦，群众的眼睛是雪亮的。 

In particular, we remind the notaries who want to adopt block chain technology, cherish the honour of the law for the notary industry, break technical worship, if technical evidence is used, and be careful not to make trouble for themselves. The public's eyes are bright.

2、合法性是重点 

2, legality is the focus & nbsp;

还记得一次在某金融学院授课，班上有几位大数据公司的老板，聊天时谈及，TA可以帮忙搞定任何你想要的数据，听罢，寒从背起，原来我们的信息泄露的如此“全面”。 

Remember a lecture at a finance college where several the owner of the big data talked about how TA could help fix any data you want, listen to it, calm down from the back, as our information leaked so “comprehensive”. & nbsp;

做区块链的存证，切勿触及法律红线。其一是刑法第285条非法侵入计算机信息系统罪、非法获取计算机信息数据罪：违反国家规定，侵入国家事务、国防建设、尖端科学技术领域的计算机信息系统的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。违反国家规定，侵入前款规定以外的计算机信息系统或者采用其他技术手段，获取该计算机信息系统中存储、处理或者传输的数据，或者对该计算机信息系统实施非法控制，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金；情节特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。 

The first is the offence of unlawful intrusion into computer information systems and illegal access to computer information data, under article 285 of the Penal Code: in violation of State regulations, intrusion into computer information systems in the fields of state affairs, defence construction, advanced science and technology is punishable by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or by detention. In violation of State regulations, intrusion into computer information systems other than those provided for in the preceding paragraph or the use of other technical means to obtain data stored, processed or transmitted in that computer information system or to exercise illegal control over that computer information system, in serious circumstances, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or detention, with or without a single fine; in particularly serious cases, imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years and not exceeding seven years and with a fine. & nbsp;

其二是刑法第253条之一侵犯公民个人信息罪：违反国家有关规定，向他人出售或者提供公民个人信息，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金；情节特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。 

The second is an offence against the personal information of a citizen under one of the provisions of article 253 of the Penal Code: the sale or supply of the personal information of a citizen to another person in violation of the relevant provisions of the State, if the circumstances are serious, shall be punishable by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or detention and a fine or a single fine; if the circumstances are particularly serious, the penalty shall be imprisonment for a term not less than three years and not more than seven years and a fine. & nbsp;

其中，获得共识是全部人的共识，还是社区51%的共识，多数人真的能代替全部人处分自己的权利吗？公民个人信息（含行踪轨迹等）即便是本人同意出卖，一旦有人获取信息后对其进行人身侵害，项目方真的不会负责任吗？这些问题，答案也许都是否定的。 

Of these, is there a consensus for all, or for 51% of the community, that the majority can really substitute for all to dispose of their rights? Even if they agree to sell their personal information (including tracks, etc.), will the project party really not be responsible if someone gets information and physically harms them? The answer to these questions may be no; & nbsp;

3、取证，不是侦查权 

3, taking evidence, not investigative powers

社区朋友追加了一个问题，对于电子钱包被黑客盗取如何取证和追责？诉讼时效如何确定？诉讼与非诉讼方式有哪些？成本、时间及建议。 

Community friends add a question about how to take evidence and take responsibility for the hacking of electronic wallets. How to determine the statute of limitations? What are the costs, time and advice for litigation and non-litigious methods?

这个问题，一看就是非法律人提出的。 

This question is raised by a non-legal person.

电子钱包被黑客盗取，通常不止一个人的钱包被盗，而是一批人我们称之为：多人受害。这是典型的刑事案件。 

Electronic wallets are stolen by hackers, usually more than one person's wallet is stolen, but we call them: multiple victims. This is a typical criminal case. & nbsp;

在我国，刑事案件的侦查权在公安机关等，不在民间。小时候经常看《侦探柯南》，很喜欢破案的感觉，但你有没有看过《包青天》，对比一下二人的身份，聪慧的你应当可以看出，侦探所在日本境内是合法的，而我国不允许个人从事类似侦探行为，否则构成刑法第225条非法经营罪。 

In our country, the powers of investigation in criminal cases are vested in the public security organs and are not in civil society. As a child, you often read Detective Conan and enjoy the feeling of solving a case, but have you ever read "Classage" to compare the identity of the two, and you should be wise enough to see that the detective is legally present in Japan, and that we do not allow individuals to engage in similar detective acts, otherwise it constitutes article 225 of the Penal Code for illegal operations; and & nbsp;

所以，我们并不是拦着大家存有破案的好奇心，是告诫大家，破案的技术和能力在现有条件下，一般民企很难获得（具有海外架构的更不可能让你获得）。咱们也许可以跟一些司法机关合作，输出技术，但不宜进行社会实验，否则，有触犯红线之忧。 

So, we're not trying to stop you from being curious about solving a case, we're warning you that, under the prevailing conditions, the technology and ability to solve a case is very difficult for ordinary citizens to access (and less likely for you if you have an overseas structure). We may be able to work with some jurisdictions to export the technology, but we may not be in a position to do social experiments, otherwise there is a danger of breaking the red line.

4、写在最后.... 

4 in the end...

总是有人苛求我们，律师应该提出：建设性意见。这句话是废话，如果律师都能给你设计产品，那还要产品经理做什么？还要项目方做什么？全社会都在律所门口排队好了，每一个天才的杀手应用都从法律人嘴里吐出来。这根本就是谬误。 

People always ask us, and lawyers should say, "Constructive advice." That's bullshit. If a lawyer can design your product, then what does the product manager do? What does the project do? The whole community is in line at the front of the firm, and every genius's killer's application comes out of the mouth of the law. That's a mistake.

法律人的角色只有一个，那就是告诉你行为的边界。 

There's only one role for the legal person, which is to tell you the boundaries of the act.

知道了红线和黄线，至于你怎么跳舞是自己的事，能不能引来凤凰也是自己的事。 

Knowing the red and yellow lines, it's your own thing to dance, and it's your business to get the phoenix.

从某种意义上讲，法律服务更像保险，我们期待不出风险事件，甚至预防事件发生（因为一旦出险就有成本），出现风险事件马上救人抢险，减少损失。常在河边走，就是不湿鞋的人毕竟很少很少。 

In a sense, legal services are more like . We can't expect a risk event or even prevent it (because there is a cost if it happens), and we can't save people from a risk event and reduce the loss. Often by the river, there are very few people who don't get wet shoes. & nbsp;

最后提醒一句，别搞什么一边存证一边挖矿的路数，发币和变相发币（上交易所）都是违法行为。 

Last but not least, it's a crime to give money and make money different (on the exchange).

来源: 金评媒专栏作者 肖飒

Source: Kim's columnist

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