2022重庆三支一扶备考经济知识：“数字人民币”

一、数字人民币的概述

I. Overview of the digital renminbi

数字人民币是由中国人民银行发行的数字形式的法定货币，即“数字货币电子支付”(DC/EP)，DC是数字货币的缩写，EP是电子支付的缩写;可以简单地理解成是数字化的人民币现金、是电子版的人民币、是人民币纸币的数字化形态，它的性质与纸币硬币没有任何区别;纸币是印刷技术，数字货币是软件技术，纸币可以看得见摸得着，电子版本只存在于设备里，如果说纸币是磁带CD的话，那么数字人民币就是MP3、MP4文件。

The digital renminbi is the legal currency issued by the People's Bank of China in the form of “ digital currency electronic payment & & rdquo; (DC/EP), DC is the acronym for digital currency, EP is the acronym for electronic payments; it can be simply understood as digitized cash, electronic currency, and digitized form of currency, which is no different in nature from banknote coins; paper currency is printed technology, digital currency is software technology, paper currency is visible, electronic versions are only available in the equipment, and if paper currency is a tape CD, the digital renminbi is MP3 and MP4 documents.

二、数字人民币出台的背景

II. Background to the introduction of the digital renminbi

1.中国现金使用率大幅下降，电子支付迅速崛起。微信，支付宝等移动支付日益普及，人们的消费习惯发生了很大改变，从而导致现金使用率下降。目前，微信、支付宝成为中国移动支付的两大巨头，已经形成了在流通以及消费等各个环节的垄断。

1. China’s cash use rate has declined significantly, and electronic payments have risen rapidly. We can’t believe that mobile payments, such as payment treasures, are becoming more common, and people’s consumption habits have changed dramatically, leading to a decline in cash use.

2.推动人民币逐渐走向国际化。人民币数字化有利于推动人民币的国际化进程，提升人民币的国际影响力。从全世界来看，全球货币的数字化将是一个不可阻挡的趋势和潮流，中国促进经济的大力发展和提升国际竞争力，就势必要在全球货币数字化的浪潮中抢占先机，从而成为国际金融贸易结算的重要支付手段，为中国以及其他国家摆脱对美元的依赖提供另一种选择。

Digitalization of the renminbi will facilitate the process of internationalization of the renminbi and enhance its international influence. From the world’s perspective, digitization of the global currency will be an unstoppable trend and trend. China’s vigorous economic development and international competitiveness will have to take the lead in the global trend of monetary digitization, thus becoming an important means of paying for the settlement of international financial trade and providing another option for China and other countries to move away from dependence on the dollar.

3.防止发生金融风险，加强对资金流动的监管。在纸币交易过程中不可避免地与金融诈骗、偷税漏税、非法融资、洗黑钱等犯罪行为相关联，这是由于纸币的匿名性所造成的，纸币在使用过程中会带来各种各样的社会和经济问题，甚至扰乱市场秩序，影响社会稳定。数字人民币具有可控匿名性，央行可以通过区块链技术对每一笔资金的流向进行追溯，监控资金流动，可以有效打击违法犯罪行为。

3. Preventing financial risks and strengthening the regulation of financial flows. Inevitably, currency transactions are linked to financial fraud, tax evasion, illegal financing, money laundering, etc., because of the anonymity of banknotes, which can be used with a variety of social and economic problems and even to disrupt market order and social stability.

三、数字人民币的主要特点

III. Main features of the digital renminbi

1.法定货币。数字人民币由中国人民银行发行，是有国家信用背书、有法偿能力的法定货币。也就是说数字人民币拥有与纸币同样的功能和属性。例如，在有些停车场、小超市以及餐馆等可能不接受任何形式的移动支付，只接受现金支付的方式，但有了数字人民币之后，不接受就可以报警了，因为数字人民币是法币，不接受就违反了中国人民银行法，因此数字人民币也是不可以拒收的。

1. The digital renminbi is issued by the People’s Bank of China as a legal currency with a state credit endorsement and legal capacity. That means that the digital renminbi has the same functions and attributes as banknotes. For example, some parking lots, small supermarkets, restaurants, etc. may not accept any form of mobile payments, but only cash payments, but if the digital renminbi is available, it can be reported to the police because the digital renminbi is French currency and is not accepted in violation of the People’s Bank of China law, so that the digital renminbi cannot be rejected.

2.双层运营体系。央行不直接对公众发行和兑换央行数字货币，而是先把数字人民币兑换给指定的运营机构，再由这些运营机构兑换给公众。但是在兑换的过程中需要按照1∶1的兑换过程，也就是说相关运营机构需要向央行缴纳100%准备金。例如，如果数字人民币发超了也可能会引起通货膨胀，因此央行每发行一张面额100的数字人民币就代表银行回收了100元的纸币，这样就使得流通中所需要的货币量跟之前保持一样，避免了通货膨胀的发生。

2. A two-tier operating system. The central bank does not directly issue and convert the central bank's digital currency to the public, but first converts the digital renminbi to the designated operators, which then converts it to the public. But the conversion process requires a one-to-one exchange process, which means that the relevant operators are required to pay 100% of their reserves to the central bank. If, for example, the digital renminbi exceeds it, it can also cause inflation, so that the central bank recovers 100 yuan in bank notes for every 100 yuan issued, thus keeping the amount of money needed in circulation as it did before, avoiding inflation.

3.可控匿名性。数字人民币具有可控匿名性，央行可以通过区块链技术对每一笔资金的流向进行追溯，监控资金流动。用户与用户之间的数字货币可以匿名支付，无论是支付宝还是微信，对我们的交易信息是全程监控的。例如，我们去哪里消费，消费什么东西，后台大数据都会有记录，平时的消费都可以导出账单，同时在消费的过程使得个人信息和隐私暴露。数字人民币就避免了这个问题，使用数字人民币交易，对彼此都是匿名的，只有央行知道你们彼此是谁，保护了消费者的个人信息和隐私。

3. The digital renminbi is controlled anonymous. The central bank can trace the flow of every money and monitor the flow of capital through block-chain technology. Digital money between users and users can be paid anonymously, be it payment treasures or micro-letters, and our transactions are monitored throughout. For example, where we spend, what we consume, the big data will be recorded, regular consumption can be exported, and personal information and privacy will be exposed during the consumption process. The digital renminbi avoids this problem, and deals with digital renminbi are anonymous to each other, and only the central bank knows who you are and protects the personal information and privacy of consumers.

4.双离线支付。实现网络信号不佳场所的电子支付需求。原理是使用手机的NFC功能，即近距离无线通信功能，可以在彼此靠近的情况下进行数据交换，进行成功交易。例如，我们现在所使用的微信和支付宝是需要在有网络的环境中进行的，如果离开网络支付将无法完成，数字人民币不论是有没有网络都可以进行支付交易，使得支付更加方便。

4. Two-way payments. To achieve the electronic payment needs of sites with poor network signals. The rationale is to use the NFC function of a mobile phone, i.e., a close wireless communication function, to exchange data in close proximity to each other for successful transactions. For example, the micro-letters and payment treasures that we are now using need to be carried out in a networked environment, which would be impossible to complete if we left the network, and the digital renminbi, whether or not there is a network, would allow payment transactions to be made, making payment easier.

5.高可追溯性。数字货币具有唯一可识别编号。例如，数字人民币就像你买的快递，每到一个地方它都有记录，让违反犯罪行为无处可逃，一般来说央行追溯的是金融诈骗、偷税漏税、非法融资、洗黑钱和国有资产转移等违法犯罪的大额交易。

5. High traceability. Digital currency has the only identifiable number. For example, the renminbi is like a courier that you buy, and it is recorded everywhere, leaving no escape for criminal offences. In general, central banks trace large transactions for criminal offences such as financial fraud, tax evasion, illegal financing, money laundering and State-owned asset transfers.

6.支持银行账户松耦合加数字钱包的方式。例如，如果用智能手机的话，使用数字人民币需要在手机中安装一个数字钱包，就是安装一个APP软件，这个APP软件里有兑换转账收付款等功能，而且不需要银行账户就可以开立数字人民币钱包。微信和支付宝都是与银行账户绑定在一起的，数字人民币不需要，因为它本身就是钱，这就减轻了交易环节对金融中介的依赖，即便捷又安全，大大减少了流通的环节。

6. Supports the way bank accounts are loosely coupled with digital wallets. For example, if smartphones are used, the use of digital renminbi requires the installation of a digital wallet on a mobile phone, an APP software with functions such as exchange transfer and receipt of payments, and the opening of digital renminbi wallets without the need for bank accounts.

四、数字人民币与其他货币的区别

Disparities between the digital renminbi and other currencies

1.与虚拟币(比特币/狗狗币等)区别

1. Distinction from virtual currency (bitcoin/dogbill, etc.)

数字人民币是法币，与法定货币等值，其效力和安全性是最高的，而比特币是一种虚拟资产(是一种虚拟的产品或商品)，没有任何价值基础，也不享受任何主权信用担保，无法保证价值稳定。

The digital renminbi is the French currency, the equivalent of the legal currency, with the highest effectiveness and security, while Bitcoin is a virtual asset (a virtual product or commodity) that has no value base and does not enjoy any sovereign credit guarantee to guarantee value stability.

2.与第三方支付的区别

2. Distinction from third-party payments

钱有两种形式，一是现金，二是存款;现金可以是纸币可以是硬币，只有央行才可以发行的货币;存款就是我们存入银行的钱，钱存入银行后就变成了一个账户里的一串串数字;我们用的第三方支付工具强化了银行账户里的支付能力，你用第三方支付工具去花钱，其实你的存款还在银行，只是花起来更方便。数字人民币是央行发行的数字化的现金，它属于现金的范畴。

There are two forms of money: cash; cash can be a coin, and only central banks can issue money; deposits are money that we deposit into a bank, which becomes a string of figures in an account; we use third-party payment instruments that strengthen the ability to pay in a bank account, and you spend money with third-party payment instruments, which are still in a bank, but only more conveniently spent. The renminbi is digitized cash issued by central banks, and it falls within the range of cash.

五、试题练习及答案解析

V. Test exercises and answers

(单选)1.数字人民币是由中国人民银行发行的数字形式的法定货币。拥有数字人民币的用户下载数字人民币App，无需绑定银行账户，即使在离线状态下，也可以通过二维码或手机触碰完成支付。由此可知，数字人民币( )。

Digital renminbi is the legal currency issued by the People’s Bank of China in digital form. Users with digital renminbi download the digital renminbi App, without having to bind a bank account, and even in offline situations can pay it by contacting a two-dimensional code or mobile phone.

A.具有与纸币不同的基本职能

A. Have basic functions that are different from those of banknotes

B.广泛使用会增加流通中的货币量

B. Broad use of currencies that increase the amount of money in circulation

C.发行成本比纸币低，支付更便捷安全

C. Issuance costs are lower than banknotes, and payments are easier and safer

D.具有国家信用，将取代第三方网络支付平台

D. Country credit will replace the third-party network payment platform

1.【中公答案】C。解析：本题考查经济。A项错误，数字人民币是由中国人民银行发行的数字形式的法定货币，具有与纸币相同的基本职能。B项错误，货币的供应量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度，否则会导致通货膨胀。数字货币本身属于流通中货币的一部分，广泛使用并不会增加流通中的货币量。C项正确，“拥有数字人民币的用户下载数字人民币App，无需绑定银行账户，即使在离线状态下，也可以通过二维码或手机触碰完成支付”说明了数字人民币发行成本比纸币低，支付更便捷安全。D项错误，第三方支付是指具备一定实力和信誉的独立机构，通过与网联对接而促成交易双方进行交易的网络支付模式，最典型的第三方支付就是支付宝、微信支付。数字货币具有国家信用，但并不会取代第三方网络支付平台，二者可以共存。故本题答案为C。

1. [Chinese Answer] C. Solving this question: Economics. Error A, where the digital renminbi is a legal currency issued by the People's Bank of China in digital form, has the same basic function as paper coins. Error B, where the money must be supplied within the required amount of money in circulation, otherwise it leads to inflation. Digital money itself is part of the currency in circulation and is widely used and does not increase the amount of money in circulation.

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