虚拟货币交易被定为非法集资 从业者必须关注的几个问题

新司法解释施行后，哪些行为可为哪些不可为，以及施行过程中的难点等问题，《区块链日报》记者采访了多位专业律师。

As a result of the new judicial interpretation, what can be done and what is not, and the difficulties in doing so, the Journal of the Block Chain interviewed a number of professional lawyers.

ICO、IEO、IGO各种行为都是违法的

ICO, IEO, IGO acts are illegal

潘婷律师表示，此次司法解释的规定首当其冲的是ICO（源自股票市场的首次公开发行IPO概念，是区块链项目首次发行代币，募集比特币、以太坊等通用数字货币的行为）。此类行为是《最新司法解释》重点关注对象，包括ICO的各种变身形式，IEO（用交易所作为募资平台,向该交易所用户发行(售卖)代币的行为）也好、IGO（初始游戏发行，是一种应用类似于 ICO 或 IEO 的区块链技术的众筹形式）也罢，不管名称怎么变，本质都是非法吸收公众存款的行为。

According to counsel Pin Ting, the provisions of this judicial interpretation were first met by ICO (the first public distribution of the IPO concept from the stock market, the first publication of the IPO concept in the block chain project, the collection of currency and other generic digital currencies, such as Bitcoin and Tai Yao). Such acts were the focus of the most recent judicial interpretation, including the different forms of transformation of ICO, IEO (the use of the exchange as a fund-raising platform and the issuance (sale) of tokens to the users of the exchange), IGO (the issuance of the initial game, a form of crowd-sourcing that applies a block chain technology similar to ICO or IEO) and regardless of how the name is changed, the essence of which is the illegal absorption of public deposits.

潘婷进一步解释称，《最新司法解释》实施前，ico的立案一直是个难题。如果项目方是用法币募资的，那么在公安机关立案通常是相对简单的。但是，如果项目方是用虚拟币募资的，如ETH、USDT等，那么立案堪比取经，非要过个九九八十一难。但是《最新司法解释》实施后，相信立案难情况将逐渐改变。

Pin Ting further explained that, before the implementation of the updated judicial interpretation, the opening of a case by Coco had been a challenge. If the project party raised money in French, it was usually relatively simple to file a case in a public security agency. But, if the project party raised money in virtual currency, such as ETH, USDT, etc., the filing of the case would be comparable, not least in the sense that it would be difficult to do so.

潘婷律师指出，Gamefi的项目方不要抱有侥幸心理，虽然链游的形式很新颖，但是iGO的本质仍然是非法吸收公众存款。

Pantine's lawyer points out that the project side of Gamefi does not have the chance to take advantage of the fact that, despite the novel form of the chain trips, the iGO is still, in essence, illegally absorbing public deposits.

“接着就是理财。如锁仓理财（saving）、质押理财（staking）、Lunchpad等，基本都在最新司法解释的管辖范围内。”潘婷表示。

“Then comes money management. For example, locking in money, pledgeing money, Lunchpad, etc., are essentially within the jurisdiction of the latest judicial interpretations.” Pan Ting said.

“非法集资新司法解释将实施，以网络借贷、投资入股、虚拟币交易等方式非法吸收资金将作为非法吸收公众存款罪定罪的认定条件，是补齐监管和法律短板，打击相关违法犯罪行为的新要求，也是对司法新实践和犯罪新形式的新总结。”中闻律师事务所合伙人李亚接受《区块链日报》采访时说。

The new judicial interpretation of the illegal collection of funds will be implemented, and the illegal absorption of funds through Internet lending, investment in equity, virtual currency transactions, etc., will serve as a condition for the conviction of the offence of illegal absorption of public deposits, as well as as as a new requirement to complete the regulatory and legal short-term requirements for combating the related offences, and as a new summary of new judicial practices and new forms of crime.” According to Lia, a partner in the

李亚律师表示，涉及到了虚拟币交易的行为，无论是场外的OTC交易、币币交易、DeFi、Gamefi以及空投行为等，不能仅从商业模式上来判断一种行为的法律性质，需要揭开面纱去看这种事物的本质。

Counsel argues that acts involving virtual currency transactions, whether outside OTC transactions, currency transactions, DeFi, Gamefi and airdrops, cannot be judged solely by the legal nature of an act in the commercial model and need to be unmasked to see the essence of such a thing.

李亚进一步解释称，只要是符合非法吸收公众存款罪的四个特征要件，即非法性、公开性、利诱性、社会性等，且不符合企业合规改革试点适用条件的，都可能会涉及到非法吸收公众存款罪。

Leah further explained that

此前的发币项目方是否安全？

is the pre-soldier safe?

值得注意的是，对于此前的发币项目方，最新的司法解释是否有追溯力也是币圈关注的一个焦点。

It is worth noting that, in the case of previous currency project parties, the relevance of recent judicial interpretations is also a focus of interest in the currency circles.

“如果说是原来的项目持续到现在，那这种违法或者说犯罪行为属于持续性的状态，那肯定适用于现在新的司法解释。”李亚表示。

“If the original project lasted until now, then the offence, or the criminal act, was a continuing state, would certainly apply to the new judicial interpretation now in force.” Leia stated.

李亚解释称，我国刑法溯及力是“从旧兼从轻”原则，即“有利于被告人”的准则。同样，对于新的司法解释实施前发生的行为，行为时已有相关司法解释，依照行为时的司法解释办理；但适用新的司法解释对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有利的，适用新的司法解释。

Reciprocity of our criminal law, according to Leah, is the principle of “from the old to the wrong”, that is, “in the interest of the accused.” Similarly, in the case of acts committed prior to the commission of the new judicial interpretation, the relevant judicial interpretation is available, in accordance with the judicial interpretation at the time of the act; however, the application of the new judicial interpretation is in the interest of the suspect, the accused and the new judicial interpretation.

NFT平台会受影响吗？